7.6.9: Review Questions

4.

The forearm consists of the:

1. radius and ulna
2. radius and humerus
3. ulna and humerus
4. humerus and carpus

5.

The pectoral girdle consists of the:

1. clavicle and sternum
2. sternum and scapula
3. clavicle and scapula
4. clavicle and coccyx

6.

All of the following are groups of vertebrae except ________, which is a curvature.

1. thoracic
2. cervical
3. lumbar
4. pelvic

7.

Which of these is a facial bone?

1. frontal
2. occipital
3. lacrimal
4. temporal

8.

Which of the following is not a true statement comparing exoskeletons and endoskeletons?

1. Endoskeletons can support larger organisms.
2. Only endoskeletons can grow as an organism grows.
3. Exoskeletons provide greater protection of the internal organs.
4. Exoskeletons provide less mechanical leverage.

9.

The Haversian canal:

1. is arranged as rods or plates
2. contains the bone’s blood vessels and nerve fibers
3. is responsible for the lengthwise growth of long bones
4. synthesizes and secretes matrix

10.

The epiphyseal plate:

1. is arranged as rods or plates
2. contains the bone’s blood vessels and nerve fibers
3. is responsible for the lengthwise growth of long bones
4. synthesizes and secretes bone matrix

11.

The cells responsible for bone resorption are ________.

1. osteoclasts
2. osteoblasts
3. fibroblasts
4. osteocytes

12.

Compact bone is composed of ________.

1. trabeculae
2. compacted collagen
3. osteons
4. calcium phosphate only

13.

Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle. It is caused by an imbalance in the activity of which cells?

1. osteoclasts and osteoblasts
2. osteoclasts and osteocytes
3. osteoblasts and chondrocytes
4. osteocytes and chondrocytes

14.

While assembling a skeleton of a new species, a scientist points to one of the bones and observes that it looks like the most likely site of leg muscle attachment. What kind of bone did she indicate?

1. sesamoid bone
2. long bone
3. trabecular bone
4. flat bone

15.

Synchondroses and symphyses are:

1. synovial joints
2. cartilaginous joints
3. fibrous joints
4. condyloid joints

16.

The movement of bone away from the midline of the body is called ________.

1. circumduction
2. extension
3. adduction
4. abduction

17.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the synovial fluid?

1. lubrication
2. shock absorption
3. regulation of water balance in the joint
4. protection of articular cartilage

18.

The elbow is an example of which type of joint?

1. hinge
2. pivot
3. saddle
4. gliding

19.

A high ankle sprain is an injury caused by over-stretching the ligaments connecting the tibia and fibula. What type of joint is involved in this sprain?

1. ball and socket
2. gomphosis
3. syndesmosis
4. symphysis

20.

In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on actin is blocked by ________.

1. titin
2. troponin
3. myoglobin
4. tropomyosin

21.

The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called a ________.

1. myofibril
2. sarcolemma
3. sarcoplasm
4. myofilament

22.

The muscle relaxes if no new nerve signal arrives. However the neurotransmitter from the previous stimulation is still present in the synapse. The activity of ________ helps to remove this neurotransmitter.

1. myosin
2. action potential
3. tropomyosin
4. acetylcholinesterase

23.

The ability of a muscle to generate tension immediately after stimulation is dependent on:

1. myosin interaction with the M line
2. overlap of myosin and actin
3. actin attachments to the Z line
4. none of the above

24.

Botulinum toxin causes flaccid paralysis of the muscles, and is used for cosmetic purposes under the name Botox. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of action of Botox?

1. Botox decreases the production of acetylcholinesterase.
2. Botox increases calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
3. Botox blocks the ATP binding site in actin.
4. Botox decreases the release of acetylcholine from motor neurons.