15.3: Terms
- Page ID
- 93206
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
| Bi-parental cross | Cross between two different plants. |
| Conventional crop | Crop that is not GMO, with all of its genes originating from sexual reproduction. |
| Emasculate | Act of removing the anthers before pollen has been shed from a flower that is used as the female in breeding; used to reduce self-pollination when wanting to cross. |
| Exponential spread | Very rapid spread of an invasive plant as numbers and reproductive rates accelerate. |
| Genetic engineering | Manipulation and introduction of a transgene into a plant for a specific trait. |
| Genetic pollution | Where genes from GMO crops may escape to conventional crops or weedy relatives. |
| GMO | Genetically engineered organism or a plant containing a transgene. |
| Inbreeding | Producing seed by selfing over 5–7 generations to develop pure lines. |
| Invasive plant | Plant that is non-native to an ecosystem, and whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. |
| Lag phase | Phase during invasive plant spread that is slow due to a low number of plants being introduced. |
| Plant tissue culture | Method that uses synthetic growth media to provide the environment for mitotic cell divisions of plants and is used to regenerate a single cell into a whole plant. |
| Ploidy | Number of sets of homologous chromosomes in a cell. |
| Pure line | True breeding plant produced by inbreeding so it is homozygous at most loci and produces identical plants by seed. |
| Reciprocal cross | Matching cross where the pollinator becomes the female and female of the former cross becomes the pollen donor. |
| Rhizome | Horizontal stem growing just below the soil surface. |
| Super weed | Weed produced by crossing with a GMO crop; inherits the GMO trait, like herbicide tolerance. |
| Totipotent | Ability of a single plant cell to grow into a whole plant. |
| Transformation | Process of using the gene gun or Agrobacterium tumefaciens to introduce a transgene into a plant. |
| Transformed | Synonym for GMO, or plant carrying a transgene. |
| Transgene | Gene introduced into a plant from another organism, not through sexual reproduction. |
| Transgenic | Synonym for GMO, or plant carrying a transgene. |
| Viral coat protein | Protein that surrounds the viral genome, protecting it; essential to virus replication. |