14.5: Terms
- Page ID
- 93202
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Dominant allele | When one allele is expressed over the other alleles present. |
Generative nucleus | Nucleus in the immature male gametophyte that will later divide by mitosis to produce two sperm cells. |
Genes | Hereditary units consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome (locus) and determines a particular characteristic in an organism. Genes undergo mutation when their DNA sequence changes. |
Genotype | Genetic composition of an organism, including chromosomes of the nucleus and the DNA in chloroplasts and mitochondria. |
Heritability | Measurement of a quantitative trait that passes from parent to offspring and is measured in high and low; high being similar between parent and offspring and low being dissimilar between parent and offspring. |
Heterozygote | Plant with two different alleles of a particular gene and giving rise to varying offspring; offspring are generally more vigorous than offspring from homozygote. |
Homozygote | Plant with identical alleles of a particular gene; gives rise to identical, or nearly identical, offspring. |
Integument | Cells that form the ovary wall. Nucellus cells on the interior of the ovule wall develop into megaspore mother cells. |
Linkage | When two genes are on the same chromosome. |
Locus | Location on a chromosome where a particular gene is found. |
Megaspornatium | Place in the ovary where the female gametophyte will be formed. |
Mendel’s First Law — the law of segregation | Principle that during gamete formation each member of the allelic pair separates from the other member to form the genetic constitution of the gamete; e.g., Ss diploid produces S and s gametes. |
Mendel’s Second Law — the law of independent assortment | Principle that during gamete formation the segregation of the alleles of one allelic pair is independent of the segregation of the alleles of another allelic pair. |
Microsporangium | Place in the anther where the male gametophyte will be formed. |
Phenotype | Physical appearance of an organism; expressed as Phenotype = Genotype + Environment |
Punnett square | Simple database used to visualize the types of zygotes and their expected frequency that form from male and female gametes. |
Qualitative differences | Large differences that can easily be seen or measured in qualitative terms; e.g. fruit color. |
Quantitative differences | Small differences that are measured numerically; e.g. yield in kg/ha. Can be influenced by the environment. |
Recessive allele | Allele(s) that are not expressed if a dominant allele is present; will be expressed if there is no dominant allele. |
Suspensor | Produced by multiple mitotic cell divisions of the embryo’s basal cell; the suspensor anchors the apical cell of the embryo to the ovule wall. |
Synergid cells | Cells flanking the egg cell in the mature female gametophyte. |
Tube nucleus, or vegetative nucleus | Nucleus in the male gametophyte that is associated with pollen tube growth. |