3.6.4: Rusts and Smuts
- Page ID
- 35318
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Rusts (Pucciniomycotina)
Rusts are plant pathogens in the subphylum Pucciniomycotina that infect one or more host species. Rusts have amazing and complex life cycles (as you saw in chapter 3.6.3) potentially involving multiple hosts and as many as five different spore stages! Autoecious rusts continue to infect the same host species, while heteroecious rusts must use multiple species of plant hosts to complete their life cycle. Rusts that form all five different types of propagules during their life cycle are called macrocyclic, while rusts that lack one or more of these spore stages are called microcyclic.
![The underside of a leaf with raised, reddened areas. These are covered with small orange pustules.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/30283/Puccinia_lapsanae.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&height=475)
![Several micrographs of similar looking spores: Each is a large, septate spore with two compartments at the top of a transparent stalk.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/30284/1024px-The_rusts_of_Australia%252C_their_structure%252C_nature%252C_and_classification_(1906)_(14771756534).jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=640&height=1080)
![A cluster of brown, stalked spores. Each spore has a septum dividing it in half.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/30285/Puccinia_helianthi_(teliospores).jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=675&height=506)
![Fir needles with many skinny yellow columns sprouting from the underside](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/30165/Inkedoriginal_LI.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=550&height=518)
![Huckleberry branches, one is oddly thickened and wrinkly](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45263/1.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=385&height=513)
Smuts (Ustilaginomycotina)
Smuts are the third subphylum within Basidiomycota. These fungi form saprotrophic yeasts and can have a variety of ecological roles, but are most famous for their plant pathogens and perhaps the smut fungus (Malassezia) that lives on the oils produced on human skin, sometimes causing the formation of dandruff on your scalp.
![A chaotic jumble of swollen grey and pink structures emerging from an ear of corn](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45264/Maisbeulenbrand_Maisbrand_Ustilago_maydis.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=341&height=530)
![Several healthy corn kernels with a few large, pink swellings below them. One has burst, showing it is filled with powdery brown spores](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/30287/2010-09-12_Ustilago_maydis_mod.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=675&height=506)
![Globose, brown spores viewed through the microscope](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/30288/2011-08-27_Ustilago_maydis_(DC.)_Corda_183839_mod.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=585&height=438)
![Two different globose spores (sp) with hyphal structures emerging (pm). These hyphal structures branch to produce new cells (d).](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/30289/EB1911_Fungi_-_germinating_resting-gonidia.jpg?revision=1)