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Bio 11A - Introduction to Biology I
23: Regulation of Gene Expression - Eukaryotes

23: Regulation of Gene Expression - Eukaryotes

Last updated

Aug 7, 2024
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- 22.7: Chapter Summary
- 23.1: Introduction

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23.1: Introduction
23.2: Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation
Eukaryotic gene expression is more complex than prokaryotic gene expression because the processes of transcription and translation are physically separated. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells can regulate gene expression at many different levels. Eukaryotic gene expression begins with control of access to the DNA. This form of regulation, called epigenetic regulation, occurs even before transcription is initiated.
23.3: Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation
Like prokaryotic cells, the transcription of genes in eukaryotes requires the actions of an RNA polymerase to bind to a sequence upstream of a gene to initiate transcription. However, unlike prokaryotic cells, the eukaryotic RNA polymerase requires other proteins, or transcription factors, to facilitate transcription initiation. Transcription factors are proteins that bind to the promoter sequence and other regulatory sequences to control the transcription of the target gene.
23.4: Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
RNA is transcribed, but must be processed into a mature form before translation can begin. This processing after an RNA molecule has been transcribed, but before it is translated into a protein, is called post-transcriptional modification. As with the epigenetic and transcriptional stages of processing, this post-transcriptional step can also be regulated to control gene expression in the cell. If the RNA is not processed, shuttled, or translated, then no protein will be synthesized.
23.5: Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation
After the RNA has been transported to the cytoplasm, it is translated into protein. Control of this process is largely dependent on the RNA molecule. As previously discussed, the stability of the RNA will have a large impact on its translation into a protein. As the stability changes, the amount of time that it is available for translation also changes.
23.6: Key Terms
23.7: Chapter Summary

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