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  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/20%3A_Biogeochemical_Cycles/20.04%3A__The_Nitrogen_Cycle
    Human activity can release nitrogen into the environment by two primary means: the combustion of fossil fuels, which releases different nitrogen oxides, and by the use of artificial fertilizers (which...Human activity can release nitrogen into the environment by two primary means: the combustion of fossil fuels, which releases different nitrogen oxides, and by the use of artificial fertilizers (which contain nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) in agriculture, which are then washed into lakes, streams, and rivers by surface runoff.
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Learning_Objects/Laboratory_Experiments/Microbiology_Labs/Microbiology_Labs_I/34%3A_Urea_Hydrolysis
    Urea can be broken down with the help of the enzyme urease, producing the alkaline product of ammonia plus carbon dioxide. That causes the pH indicator phenol red to turn a beautiful shade of hot pink...Urea can be broken down with the help of the enzyme urease, producing the alkaline product of ammonia plus carbon dioxide. That causes the pH indicator phenol red to turn a beautiful shade of hot pink.
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Butte_College/BC%3A_BIOL_2_-_Introduction_to_Human_Biology_(Grewal)/Text/19%3A_Excretory_System/19.2%3A_Organs_of_Excretion
    Excretion is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body. It is an essential process in all living things. It is one of the major ways the human body maintains homeostasis. It also h...Excretion is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body. It is an essential process in all living things. It is one of the major ways the human body maintains homeostasis. It also helps prevent damage to the body. Wastes include by-products of metabolism, some of which are toxic, and other non-useful materials, such as used up and broken down components.
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/15%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/15.05%3A_Excretion/15.5C%3A_Urea_Cycle
    This page discusses urea as the main nitrogenous waste in mammals, derived from amino acid deamination and processed through the urea cycle in the liver. It highlights conditions like ornithine transc...This page discusses urea as the main nitrogenous waste in mammals, derived from amino acid deamination and processed through the urea cycle in the liver. It highlights conditions like ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, which can elevate ammonia levels. The page also mentions uric acid, stemming from nucleic acid metabolism, which can lead to gout and kidney stones but has antioxidant properties. Unlike most mammals, humans do not produce uricase, making them more susceptible to gout.
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/15%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/15.05%3A_Excretion/15.5B%3A_Vertebrate_Kidneys
    This page discusses the structural and functional variations of vertebrate kidneys adapted to environmental needs. Freshwater vertebrates excrete excess water for homeostasis, while amphibians adjust ...This page discusses the structural and functional variations of vertebrate kidneys adapted to environmental needs. Freshwater vertebrates excrete excess water for homeostasis, while amphibians adjust filtration for water conservation. Reptiles and birds convert nitrogen wastes to uric acid for reduced water loss, whereas mammals primarily excrete urea with varied efficiency.

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