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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_16%3A_Antagonistic_Interactions/16.4%3A_PathogensAn infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce. An ex...An infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce. An example of the former is the anaerobic bacteria species, which colonizes the mammalian colon, and an example of the latter are the various species of staphylococcus that exist on human skin.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_16%3A_Antagonistic_Interactions/16.3%3A_HerbivoryExamples include a decrease in abundance of leaf-chewing larvae in the fall when hardwood leaf palatability decreases due to increased tannin levels which results in a decline of arthropod species ric...Examples include a decrease in abundance of leaf-chewing larvae in the fall when hardwood leaf palatability decreases due to increased tannin levels which results in a decline of arthropod species richness and increased palatability of plant communities at higher elevations where grasshoppers abundances are lower . Climatic stressors such as ocean acidification can lead to responses in plant-herbivore interactions in relation to palatability as well .
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/16%3A_Antagonistic_Interactions/16.03%3A_HerbivoryPlant diversity and distribution is often driven by herbivory, and it is likely that trade-offs between plant competitiveness and defensiveness, and between colonization and mortality allow for coexis...Plant diversity and distribution is often driven by herbivory, and it is likely that trade-offs between plant competitiveness and defensiveness, and between colonization and mortality allow for coexistence between species in the presence of herbivores (Lubchenco, 1978; Gleeson & Wilson, 1986; Olff & Ritchie, 1998; Hidding et al., 2009).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/16%3A_Antagonistic_Interactions/16.05%3A_InfectionBetween S and I, the transition rate is assumed to be d(S/N)/dt = -βSI/N2, where N is the total population, β is the average number of contacts per person per time, multiplied by the probability of di...Between S and I, the transition rate is assumed to be d(S/N)/dt = -βSI/N2, where N is the total population, β is the average number of contacts per person per time, multiplied by the probability of disease transmission in a contact between a susceptible and an infectious subject, and SI/N2 is the fraction of those contacts between an infectious and susceptible individual which result in the susceptible person becoming infected.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/19%3A_The_Diversity_of_Life/19.02%3A_Microbes/19.2E%3A_AnthraxThis page discusses anthrax, a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, affecting both livestock and humans through spore inhalation. The severity is linked to bacterial toxins, but early antibiotic trea...This page discusses anthrax, a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, affecting both livestock and humans through spore inhalation. The severity is linked to bacterial toxins, but early antibiotic treatment and antitoxin antibodies can be effective. Research suggests mutant forms of protective antigens may serve as potential vaccines and treatments. The existing vaccine uses a weakened strain of the bacteria, and genetic variation among anthrax strains aids in outbreak tracking.
