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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Biology_for_Non-Majors_I_(Lumen)/00%3A_Front_Matter/03%3A_Course_Contents/1.02%3A_Learning_OutcomesIdentify the impact of Gregor Mendel on the field of genetics and apply Mendel’s two laws of genetics Explain the theory of evolution, which documents the change in the genetic makeup of a biological ...Identify the impact of Gregor Mendel on the field of genetics and apply Mendel’s two laws of genetics Explain the theory of evolution, which documents the change in the genetic makeup of a biological population over time Recognize that mutations are the basis of microevolution; and that adaptations enhance the survival and reproduction of individuals in a population
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Biology_for_Non-Majors_I_(Lumen)/13%3A_Modern_Biology/13.02%3A_Key_TechnologiesIn the bacterial context, the fragment of DNA from the human genome (or the genome of another organism that is being studied) is referred to as foreign DNA, or a transgene, to differentiate it from th...In the bacterial context, the fragment of DNA from the human genome (or the genome of another organism that is being studied) is referred to as foreign DNA, or a transgene, to differentiate it from the DNA of the bacterium, which is called the host DNA.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Biology_for_Non-Majors_I_(Lumen)/06%3A_Metabolic_Pathways/6.07%3A_Connections_to_Other_Metabolic_PathwaysIf these cells reproduced successfully and their numbers climbed steadily, it follows that the cells would begin to deplete the nutrients from the medium in which they lived, as they shifted the nutri...If these cells reproduced successfully and their numbers climbed steadily, it follows that the cells would begin to deplete the nutrients from the medium in which they lived, as they shifted the nutrients into their own cells. When the full process of photosynthesis as we know it developed and the atmosphere became oxygenated, cells were finally able to use the oxygen expelled by photosynthesis to extract more energy from the sugar molecules using the citric acid cycle.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Biology_for_Non-Majors_I_(Lumen)/11%3A_Trait_Inheritance/11.04%3A_Heredity_and_DiseaseNotwithstanding the importance of family history to help define occurrence of a genetic disorder within a family, it should be noted that some genetic diseases are caused by spontaneous mutations, suc...Notwithstanding the importance of family history to help define occurrence of a genetic disorder within a family, it should be noted that some genetic diseases are caused by spontaneous mutations, such as for single gene disorders like Duchenne muscular dystrophy and hemophilia A, as well as for most cases of Down syndrome, chromosomal deletion syndromes, and other chromosomal disorders.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Biology_for_Non-Majors_I_(Lumen)/02%3A_Chemistry_of_Life
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Biology_for_Majors_II_(Lumen)/07%3A_Module_4-_Prokaryotes/7.07%3A_Introduction_to_the_Structure_of_ProkaryotesHowever, all cells have four common structures: the plasma membrane, which functions as a barrier for the cell and separates the cell from its environment; the cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance inside...However, all cells have four common structures: the plasma membrane, which functions as a barrier for the cell and separates the cell from its environment; the cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance inside the cell; nucleic acids, the genetic material of the cell; and ribosomes, where protein synthesis takes place.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Biology_for_Non_Majors_I_(Lumen)/10%3A_DNA_Transcription_and_Translation/10.10%3A_The_Central_DogmaDNA is transcribed to RNA via complementary base pairing rules (but with U instead of T in the transcript) This is known as the Central Dogma of Life, which holds true for all organisms. Ribosomes are...DNA is transcribed to RNA via complementary base pairing rules (but with U instead of T in the transcript) This is known as the Central Dogma of Life, which holds true for all organisms. Ribosomes are able to read the genetic information inscribed on a strand of messenger RNA and use this information to string amino acids together into a protein. A link to an interactive elements can be found at the bottom of this page.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Fundamentals_of_Biology_I_(Lumen)/13%3A_Module_10-_Features_of_the_Animal_Kingdom/13.14%3A_Complex_Tissue_StructureAs multicellular organisms, animals differ from plants and fungi because their cells don’t have cell walls, their cells may be embedded in an extracellular matrix (such as bone, skin, or connective ti...As multicellular organisms, animals differ from plants and fungi because their cells don’t have cell walls, their cells may be embedded in an extracellular matrix (such as bone, skin, or connective tissue), and their cells have unique structures for intercellular communication (such as gap junctions). Epithelial tissues include the epidermis of the integument, the lining of the digestive tract and trachea, and make up the ducts of the liver and glands of advanced animals.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Biology_for_Majors_II_(Lumen)/22%3A_Module_19-_The_Respiratory_System/22.02%3A_Introduction_to_Systems_of_Gas_ExchangeDescribe the passage of air from the outside environment to the lungs The primary function of the respiratory system is to deliver oxygen to the cells of the body’s tissues and remove carbon dioxide, ...Describe the passage of air from the outside environment to the lungs The primary function of the respiratory system is to deliver oxygen to the cells of the body’s tissues and remove carbon dioxide, a cell waste product. The main structures of the human respiratory system are the nasal cavity, the trachea, and lungs. The learning activities for this section include the following: Self Check: Systems of Gas Exchange Introduction to Systems of Gas Exchange.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Biology_for_Non_Majors_II_(Lumen)/08%3A_Module_5-_Fungi
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Biology_for_Majors_II_(Lumen)/21%3A_Module_18-_The_Circulatory_System/21.08%3A_Components_of_BloodBlood is actually a term used to describe the liquid that moves through the vessels and includes plasma (the liquid portion, which contains water, proteins, salts, lipids, and glucose) and the cells (...Blood is actually a term used to describe the liquid that moves through the vessels and includes plasma (the liquid portion, which contains water, proteins, salts, lipids, and glucose) and the cells (red and white cells) and cell fragments called platelets. When type A and type B blood are combined, agglutination (clumping) of the blood occurs because of antibodies in the plasma that bind with the opposing antigen; this causes clots that coagulate in the kidney causing kidney failure.
