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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Evergreen_Valley_College/BIO_Majors_4A_4B_Lab_Manual_2023/28%3A_Plant_Growth/28.02%3A_ExerciseEach of these secondary meristems divides in two directions to form a different secondary tissue to the inside and outside of the meristematic layer, respective to the center of the plant. As the stem...Each of these secondary meristems divides in two directions to form a different secondary tissue to the inside and outside of the meristematic layer, respective to the center of the plant. As the stem matures, these dead cells become separated from the living cells and the plant would be unable to direct the transport of materials into and out of the center of the plant. In a mature woody stem, the layers of periderm are referred to as the outer bark and the secondary phloem is the inner bark.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_102_Laboratory_Manual%3A_Biology_of_Plants_and_Animals_(Ray_and_Jones)/01%3A_Chapters/1.10%3A_Chapter_10This page outlines a lab where students engage with plant diversity and anatomy, specifically focusing on angiosperms. Students will learn about key structures like roots, stems, leaves, and plant tis...This page outlines a lab where students engage with plant diversity and anatomy, specifically focusing on angiosperms. Students will learn about key structures like roots, stems, leaves, and plant tissues (xylem, phloem), and distinguish between monocots and eudicots. They will explore leaf anatomy, gas exchange, and photosynthesis, alongside hands-on activities at various stations.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_PlantsThis page details plant biology, focusing on anatomy (tissues, roots, stems, leaves), physiology (xylem, phloem, transpiration, gas exchange), and reproduction (alternation of generations, life cycles...This page details plant biology, focusing on anatomy (tissues, roots, stems, leaves), physiology (xylem, phloem, transpiration, gas exchange), and reproduction (alternation of generations, life cycles, asexual reproduction, self-incompatibility). It also covers plant development, including growth, germination, and flowering, as well as the functions of hormones like auxin and gibberellins.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.01%3A_Plant_Anatomy/16.1.02%3A_RootsThis page describes the structure and functions of plant roots, detailing components like the root tip, root cap, and areas for elongation and differentiation. It discusses water and mineral uptake, e...This page describes the structure and functions of plant roots, detailing components like the root tip, root cap, and areas for elongation and differentiation. It discusses water and mineral uptake, emphasizing the importance of root hairs and mycorrhizal fungi. Minerals are absorbed actively, often against concentration gradients, while plants utilize inorganic nutrients directly. Organic fertilizers require breakdown for plant use.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Biology_I_and_II/05%3A_Unit_V-_Biological_Diversity/5.09%3A_Plantae/5.9.2%3A_Kingdom_Plantae_-_AdaptationsAs plants adapted to life on land, they had to contend with several challenges in the terrestrial environment, the largest being a lack of easy access to water as compared to an aquatic environment. F...As plants adapted to life on land, they had to contend with several challenges in the terrestrial environment, the largest being a lack of easy access to water as compared to an aquatic environment. Four major adaptations are found in all terrestrial plants: the alternation of generations, a sporangium in which the spores are formed, a gametangium that produces haploid cells, and apical meristem tissue in roots and shoots.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/03%3A_The_Cellular_Basis_of_Life/3.19%3A_Plant_TissuesThis page explains the differentiated tissues of mature vascular plants, including meristematic, protective, parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma, xylem, and phloem. Meristematic tissue is responsibl...This page explains the differentiated tissues of mature vascular plants, including meristematic, protective, parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma, xylem, and phloem. Meristematic tissue is responsible for growth, while protective tissue covers surfaces. Parenchyma stores and aids in photosynthesis, sclerenchyma offers mechanical support, and collenchyma reinforces growth areas. Xylem transports water and minerals, and phloem carries sugars and amino acids, aided by companion cells.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Map%3A_Raven_Biology_12th_Edition/36%3A_Transport_in_Plants/36.06%3A_Phloem_TransportFood and other organic substances (e.g., some plant hormones and even messenger RNAs) manufactured in the cells of the plant are transported in the phloem. Sugars (usually sucrose), amino acids and ot...Food and other organic substances (e.g., some plant hormones and even messenger RNAs) manufactured in the cells of the plant are transported in the phloem. Sugars (usually sucrose), amino acids and other organic molecules enter the sieve elements through plasmodesmata connecting them to adjacent companion cells. Once within the sieve elements, these molecules can be transported either up or down to any region of the plant moving at rates as high as 110 μm per second.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Botany/Botany_Lab_Manual_(Morrow)/04%3A_Plant_Cell_Types_and_Tissues/4.03%3A_Identifying_Cell_Types_and_TissuesNote the pits in the walls of both of these cells and the large holes (perforation plates) on the ends of the vessel element only. Draw a cross section of the celery petiole, labeling parenchyma in th...Note the pits in the walls of both of these cells and the large holes (perforation plates) on the ends of the vessel element only. Draw a cross section of the celery petiole, labeling parenchyma in the epidermis, collenchyma in the cortex, and sclerenchyma in the vascular tissue. For example, the epidermis is a collection of parenchyma-like cells working together to separate the internal environment of the plant from the exterior.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Thompson_Rivers_University/Principles_of_Biology_II_OL_ed/03%3A_Systematics_Phylogeny_and_Biological_Diversity/3.04%3A_Biological_Diversity/3.4.08%3A_Kingdom_Plantae_-_AdaptationsAs plants adapted to life on land, they had to contend with several challenges in the terrestrial environment, the largest being a lack of easy access to water as compared to an aquatic environment. F...As plants adapted to life on land, they had to contend with several challenges in the terrestrial environment, the largest being a lack of easy access to water as compared to an aquatic environment. Four major adaptations are found in all terrestrial plants: the alternation of generations, a sporangium in which the spores are formed, a gametangium that produces haploid cells, and apical meristem tissue in roots and shoots.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.01%3A_Plant_Anatomy/16.1.03%3A_StemsThis page compares the stem tissue organization of dicots and monocots. Dicots, exemplified by the basswood tree, have three main stem areas: bark for protection, cortex for food storage, and cambium ...This page compares the stem tissue organization of dicots and monocots. Dicots, exemplified by the basswood tree, have three main stem areas: bark for protection, cortex for food storage, and cambium for producing new xylem and phloem. Xylem supports the plant and transports water and minerals.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Saint_Mary's_College_Notre_Dame_IN/Foundations_of_Form_and_Function/07%3A_Transport_and_Gas_Exchange/7.05%3A_Phloem_TransportFood and other organic substances (e.g., some plant hormones and even messenger RNAs) manufactured in the cells of the plant are transported in the phloem. Sugars (usually sucrose), amino acids and ot...Food and other organic substances (e.g., some plant hormones and even messenger RNAs) manufactured in the cells of the plant are transported in the phloem. Sugars (usually sucrose), amino acids and other organic molecules enter the sieve elements through plasmodesmata connecting them to adjacent companion cells. Once within the sieve elements, these molecules can be transported either up or down to any region of the plant moving at rates as high as 110 μm per second.
