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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_2%3A_The_Physical_Environment/2.3%3A_SoilsSoil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ ...Soil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ in proportions of clay, silt, and sand. A soil profile is characterized by horizontal layers called horizons. Climate, organisms, topography, parent material, and time influence soil composition and formation.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Evergreen_Valley_College/EVC_C2_-_Bio_4A_4B_Lab_Instructor_Resources_Manual/04%3A_Ph_and_Buffers/4.01%3A_Instructor_GuidelinesInstructor guidelines for Ch 4- pH and Buffers, Bio 4A + 4B Instructor Resources. Students will conduct experiments and calculations related to acids, bases, and buffers in order to review the general...Instructor guidelines for Ch 4- pH and Buffers, Bio 4A + 4B Instructor Resources. Students will conduct experiments and calculations related to acids, bases, and buffers in order to review the general chemistry concepts required in this course.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/BIOL_342%3A_The_New_Plagues_-_New_and_Ancient_Infectious_Diseases_Threatening_World_Health_(Hughes)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/01%3A_A%3A_Fundamentals_of_Physics_and_Chemistry_Important_to_MicrobiologyLike all other matter, the matter that comprises microorganisms is governed by the laws of chemistry and physics. The chemical and physical properties of microbial pathogens—both cellular and acellula...Like all other matter, the matter that comprises microorganisms is governed by the laws of chemistry and physics. The chemical and physical properties of microbial pathogens—both cellular and acellular—dictate their habitat, control their metabolic processes, and determine how they interact with the human body. This appendix provides a review of some of the fundamental principles of chemistry and physics that are essential to an understanding of microbiology.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/02%3A_The_Physical_Environment/2.03%3A_SoilsSoil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ ...Soil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ in proportions of clay, silt, and sand. A soil profile is characterized by horizontal layers called horizons. Climate, organisms, topography, parent material, and time influence soil composition and formation.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(OpenStax)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/21%3A_A%3A_Fundamentals_of_Physics_and_Chemistry_Important_to_MicrobiologyLike all other matter, the matter that comprises microorganisms is governed by the laws of chemistry and physics. The chemical and physical properties of microbial pathogens—both cellular and acellula...Like all other matter, the matter that comprises microorganisms is governed by the laws of chemistry and physics. The chemical and physical properties of microbial pathogens—both cellular and acellular—dictate their habitat, control their metabolic processes, and determine how they interact with the human body. This appendix provides a review of some of the fundamental principles of chemistry and physics that are essential to an understanding of microbiology.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/24%3A_Human_Impact_on_Global_Climate/24.02%3A_Implications_of_Climate_ChangeA variety of factors affect the volume of water in the ocean, including the temperature of the water (the density of water is related to its temperature) and the amount of water found in rivers, lakes...A variety of factors affect the volume of water in the ocean, including the temperature of the water (the density of water is related to its temperature) and the amount of water found in rivers, lakes, glaciers, polar ice caps, and sea ice. The pH level of the oceans is projected to decrease even more by the end of the century as CO 2 concentrations are expected to increase for the foreseeable future.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/04%3A_The_Three-Dimensional_Structure_of_Proteins/4.09%3A_Protein_Stability_-_ThermodynamicsThe page delves into protein stability, discussing the balance between folding and unfolding dynamics influenced by thermodynamic factors. Key forces like hydrogen bonds, ion pairs, van der Waals forc...The page delves into protein stability, discussing the balance between folding and unfolding dynamics influenced by thermodynamic factors. Key forces like hydrogen bonds, ion pairs, van der Waals forces, and the hydrophobic effect affect protein stability. It highlights experimental approaches, such as site-directed mutagenesis, to study these forces. Environmental factors, such as pH and temperature, also influence protein behavior.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_2%3A_The_Physical_Environment/2.1%3A_Properties_of_WaterDo you ever wonder why scientists spend time looking for water on other planets? It is because water is essential to life; even minute traces of it on another planet can indicate that life could or di...Do you ever wonder why scientists spend time looking for water on other planets? It is because water is essential to life; even minute traces of it on another planet can indicate that life could or did exist on that planet. Water is one of the more abundant molecules in living cells and the one most critical to life as we know it. Approximately 60–70 percent of your body is made up of water. Without it, life simply would not exist.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/02%3A_The_Physical_Environment/2.01%3A_Properties_of_WaterDo you ever wonder why scientists spend time looking for water on other planets? It is because water is essential to life, as we understand it; even minute traces of it on another planet can indicate ...Do you ever wonder why scientists spend time looking for water on other planets? It is because water is essential to life, as we understand it; even minute traces of it on another planet can indicate that life could or did exist on that planet. Water is one of the more abundant molecules in living cells and the one most critical to life as we know it. Approximately 60–70 percent of your body is made up of water. Without it, life simply would not exist.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/01%3A_The_Chemical_Basis_of_Life/1.08%3A_pHThis page explains pH as a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, noting that pure water has a pH of 7. It describes how acidic solutions (pH < 7) have higher H+ concentrations and basic solutions (pH...This page explains pH as a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, noting that pure water has a pH of 7. It describes how acidic solutions (pH < 7) have higher H+ concentrations and basic solutions (pH > 7) have lower. The impact of pH on protein properties and amino acid interactions is highlighted. Additionally, it mentions that the typical cytosolic pH in human cells is 7.4, with variations in organelles like lysosomes and mitochondria, which are essential for enzyme activity and ATP synthesis
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/04%3A_Cell_Metabolism/4.10%3A_ChemiosmosisThis page discusses the chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in chloroplasts, supported by observations that light illumination increases the alkalinity of the surrounding medium due to proton pumping...This page discusses the chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in chloroplasts, supported by observations that light illumination increases the alkalinity of the surrounding medium due to proton pumping. It describes how altering the thylakoid pH by using acidic mediums allows chloroplasts to synthesize ATP in alkaline conditions with ADP and inorganic phosphate, showcasing the role of the proton gradient in ATP production even in the absence of light.
