It is often essential to determine the KD for a ML complex since given that number and the concentrations of M and L in the system, we can then predict if M is bound under physiological conditions. Ag...It is often essential to determine the KD for a ML complex since given that number and the concentrations of M and L in the system, we can then predict if M is bound under physiological conditions. Again, this is important since whether M is bound or free will govern its activity. To determine KD, you need to determine ML and L at equilibrium. How can we differentiate free from bound ligand? The following techniques allow such a differentiation.