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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/03%3A_The_Cellular_Basis_of_Life/3.24%3A_EndocytosisThis page explains the cellular process of endocytosis, which includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis for absorption of materials. It highlights receptor-mediated endocytosis for acquiring specific mole...This page explains the cellular process of endocytosis, which includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis for absorption of materials. It highlights receptor-mediated endocytosis for acquiring specific molecules like cholesterol. It also discusses familial hypercholesterolemia's link to atherosclerosis due to mutations in the apoB gene and the transportation of hydrophobic molecules in the bloodstream.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Mansfield_University_of_Pennsylvania/BSC_3271%3A_Microbiology_for_Health_Sciences_Sp21_(Kagle)/14%3A_Immunology/14.01%3A_Innate_Nonspecific_Host_Defenses/14.1.03%3A_Cellular_DefensesThe formed elements of the blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Of these, leukocytes are primarily involved in the immune respons...The formed elements of the blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Of these, leukocytes are primarily involved in the immune response. All formed elements originate in the bone marrow as stem cells (HSCs) that differentiate through hematopoiesis. Granulocytes are leukocytes characterized by a lobed nucleus and granules in the cytoplasm. These include neutrophils (PMNs), eosinophils, and basophils.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/New_England_College/Microbiology_with_NEC/12%3A_Innate_Nonspecific_Host_Defenses/12.03%3A_Second_Line_Defenses-_Cells_and_FluidsThe formed elements of the blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Of these, leukocytes are primarily involved in the immune respons...The formed elements of the blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Of these, leukocytes are primarily involved in the immune response. All formed elements originate in the bone marrow as stem cells (HSCs) that differentiate through hematopoiesis. Granulocytes are leukocytes characterized by a lobed nucleus and granules in the cytoplasm. These include neutrophils (PMNs), eosinophils, and basophils.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/North_Central_State_College/BIOL_1550%3A_Microbiology_(2025)/21%3A_Innate_Immunity_II/21.02%3A_Cellular_Defenses_-_GranulocytesThe formed elements of the blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Of these, leukocytes are primarily involved in the immune respons...The formed elements of the blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Of these, leukocytes are primarily involved in the immune response. All formed elements originate in the bone marrow as stem cells (HSCs) that differentiate through hematopoiesis. Granulocytes are leukocytes characterized by a lobed nucleus and granules in the cytoplasm. These include neutrophils (PMNs), eosinophils, and basophils.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_OER_-_Ying_Liu/22%3A_Innate_Immunity_II/22.02%3A_Cellular_Defenses_-_GranulocytesThe formed elements of the blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Of these, leukocytes are primarily involved in the immune respons...The formed elements of the blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Of these, leukocytes are primarily involved in the immune response. All formed elements originate in the bone marrow as stem cells (HSCs) that differentiate through hematopoiesis. Granulocytes are leukocytes characterized by a lobed nucleus and granules in the cytoplasm. These include neutrophils (PMNs), eosinophils, and basophils.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Clinton_College/BIO_403%3A_Microbiology_(Neely)/06%3A_The_Immune_System_Nonspecific_and_Specific_Defenses/6.02%3A_Innate_Nonspecific_Host_Defenses/6.2.03%3A_Cellular_DefensesThe formed elements of the blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Of these, leukocytes are primarily involved in the immune respons...The formed elements of the blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Of these, leukocytes are primarily involved in the immune response. All formed elements originate in the bone marrow as stem cells (HSCs) that differentiate through hematopoiesis. Granulocytes are leukocytes characterized by a lobed nucleus and granules in the cytoplasm. These include neutrophils (PMNs), eosinophils, and basophils.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Kaiser)/Unit_6%3A_Adaptive_Immunity/14%3A_Cell-Mediated_Immunity/14.3%3A_Activating_Macrophages_and_NK_CellsEffector T4-lymphocytes called TH1 cells coordinate immunity against intracellular bacteria and promote opsonization by macrophages. Cytokines produced by TH1 cells promote cell-mediated immunity agai...Effector T4-lymphocytes called TH1 cells coordinate immunity against intracellular bacteria and promote opsonization by macrophages. Cytokines produced by TH1 cells promote cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens by activating macrophages and enhancing their antimicrobial effectiveness, increasing the production of opsonizing and complement activating IgG that enhances phagocytosis, and promoting diapedesis and chemotaxis of macrophages to the infection site.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/11%3A_Immunology/11.09%3A_Antigen-Presenting_Cells/11.9B%3A_MacrophagesPhagocytosis is a front-line defense against pathogen attack requiring the concerted action of macrophages.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(OpenStax)/17%3A_Innate_Nonspecific_Host_Defenses/17.03%3A_Cellular_DefensesThe formed elements of the blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Of these, leukocytes are primarily involved in the immune respons...The formed elements of the blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Of these, leukocytes are primarily involved in the immune response. All formed elements originate in the bone marrow as stem cells (HSCs) that differentiate through hematopoiesis. Granulocytes are leukocytes characterized by a lobed nucleus and granules in the cytoplasm. These include neutrophils (PMNs), eosinophils, and basophils.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/Unit_IV_-_Special_Topics/29%3A_Integration_of_Mammalian_Metabolism_-_Capstone_Volume_II/29.09%3A_Immunometabolism-__Cellular_Metabolism_Turns_Immune_RegulatorThis review article discusses the role of immunometabolism, illustrating how cellular metabolism regulates immune cell function. It describes distinct metabolic signatures of immune cells and how thes...This review article discusses the role of immunometabolism, illustrating how cellular metabolism regulates immune cell function. It describes distinct metabolic signatures of immune cells and how these adapt in response to different physiological conditions such as activation and nutrient availability. Key processes like glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are explained as mechanisms to meet energy and biosynthesis requirements.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/BIOL_440%3A_General_Microbiology_(Hughes)/13%3A_Week_13/21%3A_Innate_Nonspecific_Host_Defenses_(Part_B)/21.01%3A_Cellular_DefensesThe formed elements of the blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Of these, leukocytes are primarily involved in the immune respons...The formed elements of the blood include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Of these, leukocytes are primarily involved in the immune response. All formed elements originate in the bone marrow as stem cells (HSCs) that differentiate through hematopoiesis. Granulocytes are leukocytes characterized by a lobed nucleus and granules in the cytoplasm. These include neutrophils (PMNs), eosinophils, and basophils.
