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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/BIOL_440%3A_General_Microbiology_(Hughes)/07%3A_Week_7/12%3A_Mechanisms_of_Microbial_Genetics_(Part_A)/12.01%3A_What_Are_GenesA gene is composed of DNA that is “read” or transcribed to produce an RNA molecule during the process of transcription. One major type of RNA molecule, called messenger RNA (mRNA), provides the inform...A gene is composed of DNA that is “read” or transcribed to produce an RNA molecule during the process of transcription. One major type of RNA molecule, called messenger RNA (mRNA), provides the information for the ribosome to catalyze protein synthesis in a process called translation. The processes of transcription and translation are collectively referred to as gene expression.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/07%3A_Cell_Division/7.06%3A_Sex_ChromosomesThis page explores human sexual chromosomes, focusing on the roles of X and Y chromosomes in sex determination, the significance of the SRY gene, and examples of genetic conditions like hemophilia and...This page explores human sexual chromosomes, focusing on the roles of X and Y chromosomes in sex determination, the significance of the SRY gene, and examples of genetic conditions like hemophilia and Turner syndrome. It also discusses sex determination in other species, including Klinefelter's syndrome, the role of the X chromosome in fruit flies, and ZZ/ZW systems in birds.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/09%3A_Mutation_and_Variation/9.08%3A_Linkage_and_Mapping/9.8.07%3A__Mapping_With_Three-Point_CrossesThis page discusses the three-point cross method for mapping three linked genes simultaneously. It involves crossing pure breeding lines to create a trihybrid and testcrossing to observe phenotypic di...This page discusses the three-point cross method for mapping three linked genes simultaneously. It involves crossing pure breeding lines to create a trihybrid and testcrossing to observe phenotypic distributions, allowing for the identification of rare double crossover events. The method aids in calculating recombination frequencies, correcting for undetected double crossovers, and improving genetic mapping accuracy.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/09%3A_Mutation_and_Variation/9.08%3A_Linkage_and_Mapping/9.8.E%3A_Linkage_and_Mapping_(Exercises)If the A-B map distance is 1cM, and the B-C map distance is 0.6cM, given the lines AaBbCc and aabbcc, what will be the frequency of Aabb genotypes among their progeny if one of the parents of the dihy...If the A-B map distance is 1cM, and the B-C map distance is 0.6cM, given the lines AaBbCc and aabbcc, what will be the frequency of Aabb genotypes among their progeny if one of the parents of the dihybrid had the genotypes AABBCC? The proportion of the seeds that are also either white or purple flowered would help you to know about the linkage between the two loci only if the genotypes of the parents of the dihybrid were also known.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/09%3A_Regulation_of_Gene_Expression/9.06%3A_Visualization_of_Transcription_and_Translation_in_BacteriaThis page describes an electron micrograph illustrating simultaneous transcription and translation in E. coli, highlighting polysomes formed by mRNA and ribosomes on the chromosome. It explains that R...This page describes an electron micrograph illustrating simultaneous transcription and translation in E. coli, highlighting polysomes formed by mRNA and ribosomes on the chromosome. It explains that RNA polymerase is responsible for transcription, while ribosomes carry out translation. This simultaneous coordination in bacteria contrasts with eukaryotes, where these processes occur separately in the nucleus and cytosol.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/09%3A_Regulation_of_Gene_Expression/9.10%3A_PalindromesThis page explains palindromes, which read the same forwards and backwards, and highlights their significance in DNA. It discusses how palindromes serve as target sequences for restriction enzymes and...This page explains palindromes, which read the same forwards and backwards, and highlights their significance in DNA. It discusses how palindromes serve as target sequences for restriction enzymes and the role of inverted repeats in transcription factor binding. Additionally, it notes the presence of inverted repeats in transposons, retroviral genes, and the human Y chromosome, where they may improve gene repair through homologous recombination.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/11%3A_Behavioral_Ecology/11.03%3A_Optimal_Foraging_TheoryHandling time (h) is the amount of time it takes the predator to handle the food, beginning from the time the predator finds the prey item to the time the prey item is eaten. Thus, the constraints are...Handling time (h) is the amount of time it takes the predator to handle the food, beginning from the time the predator finds the prey item to the time the prey item is eaten. Thus, the constraints are the shape of the curve of diminishing returns and the travel time (the time it takes to make a round trip from the nest to a patch and back).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Butte_College/BC%3A_BIOL_2_-_Introduction_to_Human_Biology_(Grewal)/Text/06%3A_DNA_and_Protein_Synthesis/6.03%3A_Chromosomes_and_GenesChromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins. They are the form of the genetic material of a cell during cell division. Chromosomes are encoded with genetic instructions for making prote...Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins. They are the form of the genetic material of a cell during cell division. Chromosomes are encoded with genetic instructions for making proteins. These instructions are organized into units called genes. Most genes contain the instructions for a single protein. There may be hundreds or even thousands of genes on a single chromosome.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/BIOL_106%3A_Essentials_of_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Anzalone)/03%3A_Cell_Structure_and_Function/3.13%3A_Chromosomes_and_GenesChromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins. Chromosomes are encoded with genetic instructions for making proteins. These instructions are organized into units called genes. Most genes ...Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins. Chromosomes are encoded with genetic instructions for making proteins. These instructions are organized into units called genes. Most genes contain the instructions for a single protein. There may be hundreds or even thousands of genes on a single chromosome.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Mansfield_University_of_Pennsylvania/BSC_3271%3A_Microbiology_for_Health_Sciences_Sp21_(Kagle)/10%3A_Bacterial_Genetics/10.02%3A_Mechanisms_of_Microbial_Genetics/10.2.01%3A_What_Are_GenesA gene is composed of DNA that is “read” or transcribed to produce an RNA molecule during the process of transcription. One major type of RNA molecule, called messenger RNA (mRNA), provides the inform...A gene is composed of DNA that is “read” or transcribed to produce an RNA molecule during the process of transcription. One major type of RNA molecule, called messenger RNA (mRNA), provides the information for the ribosome to catalyze protein synthesis in a process called translation. The processes of transcription and translation are collectively referred to as gene expression.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_11%3A_Behavioral_Ecology/11.2%3A_Foraging_EcologyStudies using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping have associated the following loci with the matched functions; Pln-1 and Pln-4 with onset of foraging age, Pln-1 and 2 with the size of the pollen l...Studies using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping have associated the following loci with the matched functions; Pln-1 and Pln-4 with onset of foraging age, Pln-1 and 2 with the size of the pollen loads collected by workers, and Pln-2 and pln-3 were shown to influence the sugar concentration of the nectar collected. Handling time (h) is the amount of time it takes the predator to handle the food, beginning from the time the predator finds the prey item to the time the prey item is eaten.
