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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Genetics/Working_with_Molecular_Genetics_(Hardison)/Unit_II%3A_Replication_Maintenance_and_Alteration_of_the_Genetic_Material/5._DNA_replication_I%3A_Enzymes_and_mechanism/Basic_Mechanisms_of_ReplicationThe part of the connecting line representing the 3’ end of the phosphodiester attached to the vertical (deoxyribose) line about 1/3 of the way along it, and the part of the connecting line representin...The part of the connecting line representing the 3’ end of the phosphodiester attached to the vertical (deoxyribose) line about 1/3 of the way along it, and the part of the connecting line representing the 5’ end of the phosphodiester is attached at the end of the vertical line.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Universiti_Putra_Malaysia/ESC4103_-_Environmental_Microbiology_(Universiti_Putra_Malaysia)/05%3A_Microbial_Genetics/5.03%3A_DNA_Replication/5.3B%3A_DNA_Replication_in_EukaryotesBecause eukaryotic genomes are quite complex, DNA replication is a very complicated process that involves several enzymes and other proteins. It occurs in three main stages: initiation, elongation, an...Because eukaryotic genomes are quite complex, DNA replication is a very complicated process that involves several enzymes and other proteins. It occurs in three main stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. DNA replication in eukaryotes occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, which are aided by several enzymes.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Portland_Community_College/Cascade_Microbiology/09%3A_Mechanisms_of_Microbial_Genetics/9.4%3A_Protein_Synthesis_(Translation)The synthesis of proteins consumes more of a cell’s energy than any other metabolic process. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other macromolecule of living organisms. They perform virt...The synthesis of proteins consumes more of a cell’s energy than any other metabolic process. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other macromolecule of living organisms. They perform virtually every function of a cell, serving as both functional (e.g., enzymes) and structural elements. The process of translation, or protein synthesis, the second part of gene expression, involves the decoding by a ribosome of an mRNA message into a polypeptide product.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_OER_-_Ying_Liu/13%3A_DNA_Replication_Transcription_and_Translation/13.03%3A_RNA_TranscriptionDuring the process of transcription, the information encoded within the DNA sequence of one or more genes is transcribed into a strand of RNA, also called an RNA transcript. The resulting single-stran...During the process of transcription, the information encoded within the DNA sequence of one or more genes is transcribed into a strand of RNA, also called an RNA transcript. The resulting single-stranded RNA molecule, composed of ribonucleotides containing the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil, acts as a mobile molecular copy of the original DNA sequence. Transcription in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes requires the DNA double helix to partially unwind in the region of RNA synthesis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/03%3A_Unit_III-_Information_Pathway/26%3A_Protein_Metabolism/26.02%3A_Protein_SynthesisThe page provides an in-depth overview of the translation process in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Key learning goals include understanding the central role of translation in gene expression,...The page provides an in-depth overview of the translation process in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Key learning goals include understanding the central role of translation in gene expression, comprehending the molecular machinery involved, outlining the stages of translation (initiation, elongation, termination), analyzing the energetics and fidelity of protein synthesis, and comparing the translation mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Mansfield_University_of_Pennsylvania/BSC_3271%3A_Microbiology_for_Health_Sciences_Sp21_(Kagle)/08%3A_DNA_Replication/8.03%3A_DNA_ReplicationThe DNA replication process is semiconservative, which results in two DNA molecules, each having one parental strand of DNA and one newly synthesized strand. In bacteria, the initiation of replication...The DNA replication process is semiconservative, which results in two DNA molecules, each having one parental strand of DNA and one newly synthesized strand. In bacteria, the initiation of replication occurs at the origin of replication, where supercoiled DNA is unwound by DNA gyrase, made single-stranded by helicase, and bound by single-stranded binding protein to maintain its single-stranded state.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/Bio_11A_-_Introduction_to_Biology_I/19%3A_Transcription/19.03%3A_Prokaryotic_TranscriptionThe mRNA product is complementary to the template strand and is almost identical to the other DNA strand, called the non-template strand, with the exception that RNA contains a uracil (U) in place of ...The mRNA product is complementary to the template strand and is almost identical to the other DNA strand, called the non-template strand, with the exception that RNA contains a uracil (U) in place of the thymine (T) found in DNA.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_OER_-_Ying_Liu/13%3A_DNA_Replication_Transcription_and_Translation/13.04%3A_Protein_Synthesis_(Translation)The synthesis of proteins consumes more of a cell’s energy than any other metabolic process. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other macromolecule of living organisms. They perform virt...The synthesis of proteins consumes more of a cell’s energy than any other metabolic process. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other macromolecule of living organisms. They perform virtually every function of a cell, serving as both functional (e.g., enzymes) and structural elements. The process of translation, or protein synthesis, the second part of gene expression, involves the decoding by a ribosome of an mRNA message into a polypeptide product.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(OpenStax)/11%3A_Mechanisms_of_Microbial_Genetics/11.04%3A_Protein_Synthesis_(Translation)The synthesis of proteins consumes more of a cell’s energy than any other metabolic process. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other macromolecule of living organisms. They perform virt...The synthesis of proteins consumes more of a cell’s energy than any other metabolic process. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other macromolecule of living organisms. They perform virtually every function of a cell, serving as both functional (e.g., enzymes) and structural elements. The process of translation, or protein synthesis, the second part of gene expression, involves the decoding by a ribosome of an mRNA message into a polypeptide product.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Portland_Community_College/Cascade_Microbiology/09%3A_Mechanisms_of_Microbial_Genetics/9.3%3A_RNA_TranscriptionDuring the process of transcription, the information encoded within the DNA sequence of one or more genes is transcribed into a strand of RNA, also called an RNA transcript. The resulting single-stran...During the process of transcription, the information encoded within the DNA sequence of one or more genes is transcribed into a strand of RNA, also called an RNA transcript. The resulting single-stranded RNA molecule, composed of ribonucleotides containing the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil, acts as a mobile molecular copy of the original DNA sequence. Transcription in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes requires the DNA double helix to partially unwind in the region of RNA synthesis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(OpenStax)/11%3A_Mechanisms_of_Microbial_Genetics/11.03%3A_RNA_TranscriptionDuring the process of transcription, the information encoded within the DNA sequence of one or more genes is transcribed into a strand of RNA, also called an RNA transcript. The resulting single-stran...During the process of transcription, the information encoded within the DNA sequence of one or more genes is transcribed into a strand of RNA, also called an RNA transcript. The resulting single-stranded RNA molecule, composed of ribonucleotides containing the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil, acts as a mobile molecular copy of the original DNA sequence. Transcription in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes requires the DNA double helix to partially unwind in the region of RNA synthesis.
