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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Norco_College/OpenStax_Biology_2e_for_Norco_College/26%3A_Seed_Plants/26.03%3A_GymnospermsGymnosperms, meaning “naked seeds,” are a diverse group of seed plants and are paraphyletic. Paraphyletic groups are those in which not all members are descendants of a single common ancestor. Their c...Gymnosperms, meaning “naked seeds,” are a diverse group of seed plants and are paraphyletic. Paraphyletic groups are those in which not all members are descendants of a single common ancestor. Their characteristics include naked seeds, separate female and male gametes, pollination by wind, and tracheids (which transport water and solutes in the vascular system).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_1e_(OpenStax)/5%3A_Biological_Diversity/26%3A_Seed_Plants/26.2%3A_GymnospermsGymnosperms, meaning “naked seeds,” are a diverse group of seed plants and are paraphyletic. Paraphyletic groups are those in which not all members are descendants of a single common ancestor. Their c...Gymnosperms, meaning “naked seeds,” are a diverse group of seed plants and are paraphyletic. Paraphyletic groups are those in which not all members are descendants of a single common ancestor. Their characteristics include naked seeds, separate female and male gametes, pollination by wind, and tracheids (which transport water and solutes in the vascular system).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Botany/A_Photographic_Atlas_for_Botany_(Morrow)/07%3A_Gymnosperms/7.03%3A_GnetophytesGnetophytes are a group of strange angiosperm-like plants that are most likely derived from conifers. They have opposite leaves and produce fruit-like strobili. Plants are dioecious, producing microst...Gnetophytes are a group of strange angiosperm-like plants that are most likely derived from conifers. They have opposite leaves and produce fruit-like strobili. Plants are dioecious, producing microstrobili and megastrobili on different individuals. Similar to angiosperms, they produce vessel elements and undergo double fertilization.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_2e_(OpenStax)/05%3A_Unit_V-_Biological_Diversity/5.06%3A_Seed_Plants/5.6.03%3A_GymnospermsGymnosperms, meaning “naked seeds,” are a diverse group of seed plants and are paraphyletic. Paraphyletic groups are those in which not all members are descendants of a single common ancestor. Their c...Gymnosperms, meaning “naked seeds,” are a diverse group of seed plants and are paraphyletic. Paraphyletic groups are those in which not all members are descendants of a single common ancestor. Their characteristics include naked seeds, separate female and male gametes, pollination by wind, and tracheids (which transport water and solutes in the vascular system).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Biology_I_and_II/05%3A_Unit_V-_Biological_Diversity/5.09%3A_Plantae/5.9.2%3A_Kingdom_Plantae_-_AdaptationsAs plants adapted to life on land, they had to contend with several challenges in the terrestrial environment, the largest being a lack of easy access to water as compared to an aquatic environment. F...As plants adapted to life on land, they had to contend with several challenges in the terrestrial environment, the largest being a lack of easy access to water as compared to an aquatic environment. Four major adaptations are found in all terrestrial plants: the alternation of generations, a sporangium in which the spores are formed, a gametangium that produces haploid cells, and apical meristem tissue in roots and shoots.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Thompson_Rivers_University/Principles_of_Biology_II_OL_ed/03%3A_Systematics_Phylogeny_and_Biological_Diversity/3.04%3A_Biological_Diversity/3.4.08%3A_Kingdom_Plantae_-_AdaptationsAs plants adapted to life on land, they had to contend with several challenges in the terrestrial environment, the largest being a lack of easy access to water as compared to an aquatic environment. F...As plants adapted to life on land, they had to contend with several challenges in the terrestrial environment, the largest being a lack of easy access to water as compared to an aquatic environment. Four major adaptations are found in all terrestrial plants: the alternation of generations, a sporangium in which the spores are formed, a gametangium that produces haploid cells, and apical meristem tissue in roots and shoots.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/12%3A_Sex_Strategies/12.01%3A_The_paradox_of_sex-_sexual_versus_asexual_reproductionThis is in accord with Charles Darwin, who concluded that the adaptive advantage of sex is hybrid vigor; or as he put it, "the offspring of two individuals, especially if their progenitors have been s...This is in accord with Charles Darwin, who concluded that the adaptive advantage of sex is hybrid vigor; or as he put it, "the offspring of two individuals, especially if their progenitors have been subjected to very different conditions, have a great advantage in height, weight, constitutional vigor and fertility over the self fertilized offspring from either one of the same parents," (1876).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_12%3A_Sex_Strategies/12.1%3A_The_paradox_of_sex%3A_sexual_versus_asexual_reproductionThis is in accord with Charles Darwin, [35] who concluded that the adaptive advantage of sex is hybrid vigor; or as he put it, "the offspring of two individuals, especially if their progenitors have b...This is in accord with Charles Darwin, [35] who concluded that the adaptive advantage of sex is hybrid vigor; or as he put it, "the offspring of two individuals, especially if their progenitors have been subjected to very different conditions, have a great advantage in height, weight, constitutional vigor and fertility over the self fertilized offspring from either one of the same parents."
