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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/04%3A_Cell_Metabolism/4.07%3A_Photosynthesis_-_Pathway_of_Carbon_FixationThis page explains photosynthesis as the conversion of light energy into organic molecules, primarily glucose, using water and carbon dioxide. It highlights the role of light energy in producing ATP a...This page explains photosynthesis as the conversion of light energy into organic molecules, primarily glucose, using water and carbon dioxide. It highlights the role of light energy in producing ATP and NADPH for CO2 reduction. The Calvin cycle, named after Melvin Calvin, details the reactions where CO2 combines with ribulose bisphosphate to form glucose. Calvin's use of radioactive carbon traced the rapid synthesis of glucose and other molecules in algae during photosynthesis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/01%3A_The_Chemical_Basis_of_Life/1.01%3A_Mixtures_and_CompoundsThis page explains the differences between mixtures and compounds, highlighting that mixtures are heterogeneous and can be separated easily, while compounds are homogeneous with fixed element proporti...This page explains the differences between mixtures and compounds, highlighting that mixtures are heterogeneous and can be separated easily, while compounds are homogeneous with fixed element proportions that do not retain individual properties. Techniques like dialysis and chromatography separate mixture components, with pure substances being elements or compounds that cannot be broken down.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/West_Los_Angeles_College/Biotechnology/05%3A_Bioinformatics-_Genomics_and_Proteomics/5.06%3A_ProteomicsProteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, focusing on their structure, function, interactions, and changes within biological systems. This page describes some of the techniques used in proteomi...Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, focusing on their structure, function, interactions, and changes within biological systems. This page describes some of the techniques used in proteomics, including mass spectrometry, 2D gel electrophoresis, and chromatography.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_For_All_(Ahern_Rajagopal_and_Tan)/08%3A_Basic_Techniques/8.02%3A_Fractionation_and_Chromatography_TechniquesFractionation of samples, as the name suggests, is a process of separating out the components or fractions of the lysate. Fractionation typically begins with centrifugation of the lysate. Using low-sp...Fractionation of samples, as the name suggests, is a process of separating out the components or fractions of the lysate. Fractionation typically begins with centrifugation of the lysate. Using low-speed centrifugation, one can remove cell debris, leaving a supernatant containing the contents of the cell. By using successively higher centrifugation speeds (and resulting g forces) it is possible to separate out different cellular components, like nuclei, mitochondria, etc., from the cytoplasm.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/03%3A_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/3.3%3A_Protein_PurificationThe page describes the key concepts and steps involved in protein purification and characterizes different techniques used in the purification process. It outlines various chromatographic methods such...The page describes the key concepts and steps involved in protein purification and characterizes different techniques used in the purification process. It outlines various chromatographic methods such as ion exchange, size-exclusion, hydrophobic interaction, and affinity chromatography. Additionally, it explains electrophoresis methods like SDS-PAGE and 2D electrophoresis.
