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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_14%3A_Introduction_to_Community_Ecology/Scientist_Spotlight_-_Anurag_AgrawalThe invasive viburnum leaf beetle has wreaked havoc on species of Viburnum shrub in the Northeastern United States by eating their leaves and laying eggs on their twigs. Insect herbivory incites somet...The invasive viburnum leaf beetle has wreaked havoc on species of Viburnum shrub in the Northeastern United States by eating their leaves and laying eggs on their twigs. Insect herbivory incites something called an “evolutionary arms race”, where the plant evolves defense mechanisms to avoid predation, the insect evolves in response to evolutionary pressure imposed by that defense mechanism, and the race goes back and forth as each party tries to ‘out-evolve’ the other.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_14%3A_Introduction_to_Community_EcologyFigure 9: Foundational species increase food web complexity by facilitating species higher in the food chain. (A) Seven ecosystems with foundation species were sampled: coastal (seagrass, blue mussel,...Figure 9: Foundational species increase food web complexity by facilitating species higher in the food chain. (A) Seven ecosystems with foundation species were sampled: coastal (seagrass, blue mussel, cordgrass), freshwater (watermilfoil, water-starwort) and terrestrial (Spanish moss, marram grass). (B) Food webs were constructed for both bare and foundation species-dominated replicate areas. (C) From each foundation species structured-food web, nodes (species) were randomly removed until the s…
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/14%3A_Introduction_to_Species_Interactions/14.01%3A_Scientist_Spotlight_-_Anurag_AgrawalThe invasive viburnum leaf beetle has wreaked havoc on species of Viburnum shrub in the Northeastern United States by eating their leaves and laying eggs on their twigs. Insect herbivory incites somet...The invasive viburnum leaf beetle has wreaked havoc on species of Viburnum shrub in the Northeastern United States by eating their leaves and laying eggs on their twigs. Insect herbivory incites something called an “evolutionary arms race”, where the plant evolves defense mechanisms to avoid predation, the insect evolves in response to evolutionary pressure imposed by that defense mechanism, and the race goes back and forth as each party tries to ‘out-evolve’ the other.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/14%3A_Introduction_to_Species_InteractionsFigure \(\PageIndex{10}\): Foundational species increase food web complexity by facilitating species higher in the food chain. (A) Seven ecosystems with foundation species were sampled: coastal (seagr...Figure \(\PageIndex{10}\): Foundational species increase food web complexity by facilitating species higher in the food chain. (A) Seven ecosystems with foundation species were sampled: coastal (seagrass, blue mussel, cordgrass), freshwater (watermilfoil, water-starwort) and terrestrial (Spanish moss, marram grass). (B) Food webs were constructed for both bare and foundation species-dominated replicate areas. (C) From each foundation species structured-food web, nodes (species) were randomly re…
