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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Map%3A_Raven_Biology_12th_Edition/30%3A_Seed_Plants/30.04%3A_SeedsAngiosperms are the flowering plants; most are terrestrial and all lack locomotion. This poses several problems. Gametes are delicate single cells. For two plants to cross fertilize, there must be a ...Angiosperms are the flowering plants; most are terrestrial and all lack locomotion. This poses several problems. Gametes are delicate single cells. For two plants to cross fertilize, there must be a mechanism for the two gametes to reach each other safely. There must also be a mechanism to disperse their offspring far enough away from the parent so that they do not have to compete with the parent for light, water, and soil minerals. The functions of the flower solve both of these problems.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Saint_Mary's_College_Notre_Dame_IN/Foundations_of_Form_and_Function/03%3A_Intro_to_Plants/3.02%3A_Seed_Plants/3.2.05%3A_FruitAngiosperms are the flowering plants; most are terrestrial and all lack locomotion. This poses several problems. Gametes are delicate single cells. For two plants to cross fertilize, there must be a ...Angiosperms are the flowering plants; most are terrestrial and all lack locomotion. This poses several problems. Gametes are delicate single cells. For two plants to cross fertilize, there must be a mechanism for the two gametes to reach each other safely. There must also be a mechanism to disperse their offspring far enough away from the parent so that they do not have to compete with the parent for light, water, and soil minerals. The functions of the flower solve both of these problems.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.04%3A_Plant_Development_-_FundamentalsThis page discusses plant growth, emphasizing meristems' role in rapid cell division and germination resuming embryo growth. It describes etiolation, where stems elongate in darkness to seek light, an...This page discusses plant growth, emphasizing meristems' role in rapid cell division and germination resuming embryo growth. It describes etiolation, where stems elongate in darkness to seek light, and outlines the growth cycle of angiosperms, with annuals completing it in one year and biennials over two. Additionally, it highlights photoperiodism, which triggers synchronized flowering in angiosperms in response to changing daylight, facilitating cross-pollination.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_(Boundless)/32%3A_Plant_Reproductive_Development_and_Structure/32.07%3A_Pollination_and_Fertilization_-_Double_Fertilization_in_PlantsAngiosperms undergo two fertilization events where a zygote and endosperm are both formed.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.04%3A_Plant_Development_-_Fundamentals/16.4E%3A_Photoperiodism_and_PhytochromeThis page discusses how angiosperms flower in response to day length through photoperiodism, with plants categorized as short-day or long-day species. It highlights the role of phytochromes in detecti...This page discusses how angiosperms flower in response to day length through photoperiodism, with plants categorized as short-day or long-day species. It highlights the role of phytochromes in detecting light wavelengths and the findings from Arabidopsis studies on gene regulation and circadian rhythms, emphasizing the CONSTANS protein's influence on flowering. Additionally, it notes that photoperiodism also impacts trees, leading to seasonal variations.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/07%3A_Cell_Division/7.04%3A_PolyploidyThis page discusses polyploidy, the condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes, mainly observed in plants like wheat and sugar cane. It can occur naturally through errors in gamete formatio...This page discusses polyploidy, the condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes, mainly observed in plants like wheat and sugar cane. It can occur naturally through errors in gamete formation or be induced artificially. Polyploidy can lead to speciation, with hybrids often sterile while polyploid plants remain fertile. Although rare in animals, some instances, such as a tetraploid rat, have been recorded.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.03%3A_Reproduction_in_Plants/16.3D%3A_Angiosperm_Life_CycleThis page discusses angiosperms, the diverse flowering plants that rely on flowers for reproduction, producing male and female gametophytes through microspores and megaspores. It details the processes...This page discusses angiosperms, the diverse flowering plants that rely on flowers for reproduction, producing male and female gametophytes through microspores and megaspores. It details the processes of pollination and double fertilization, which lead to seed formation containing embryos and food. Furthermore, it describes how fruits, derived from ovary walls, aid in seed dispersal through various methods, contributing to the survival and distribution of the species.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_2e_(OpenStax)/06%3A_Unit_VI-_Plant_Structure_and_Function/6.03%3A_Plant_Reproduction/6.3.02%3A_Reproductive_Development_and_StructureSexual reproduction takes place with slight variations in different groups of plants. Plants have two distinct stages in their lifecycle: the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage. The haploid ga...Sexual reproduction takes place with slight variations in different groups of plants. Plants have two distinct stages in their lifecycle: the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage. The haploid gametophyte produces the male and female gametes by mitosis in distinct multicellular structures. Fusion of the male and females gametes forms the diploid zygote, which develops into the sporophyte.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_1e_(OpenStax)/6%3A_Plant_Structure_and_Function/32%3A_Plant_Reproduction/32.1%3A_Reproductive_Development_and_StructureSexual reproduction takes place with slight variations in different groups of plants. Plants have two distinct stages in their lifecycle: the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage. The haploid ga...Sexual reproduction takes place with slight variations in different groups of plants. Plants have two distinct stages in their lifecycle: the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage. The haploid gametophyte produces the male and female gametes by mitosis in distinct multicellular structures. Fusion of the male and females gametes forms the diploid zygote, which develops into the sporophyte.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.04%3A_Plant_Development_-_Fundamentals/16.4D%3A_FloweringThis page discusses the growth and flowering phases of angiosperms, highlighting that annuals, biennials, and perennials have different flowering timelines. Flowering is influenced by maturity, temper...This page discusses the growth and flowering phases of angiosperms, highlighting that annuals, biennials, and perennials have different flowering timelines. Flowering is influenced by maturity, temperature, and photoperiod, with vernalization being important for some. The transition from apical to floral meristem involves the protein florigen and various transcription factors.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Saint_Mary's_College_Notre_Dame_IN/Foundations_of_Form_and_Function/03%3A_Intro_to_Plants/3.02%3A_Seed_Plants/3.2.04%3A_SeedsAngiosperms are the flowering plants; most are terrestrial and all lack locomotion. This poses several problems. Gametes are delicate single cells. For two plants to cross fertilize, there must be a ...Angiosperms are the flowering plants; most are terrestrial and all lack locomotion. This poses several problems. Gametes are delicate single cells. For two plants to cross fertilize, there must be a mechanism for the two gametes to reach each other safely. There must also be a mechanism to disperse their offspring far enough away from the parent so that they do not have to compete with the parent for light, water, and soil minerals. The functions of the flower solve both of these problems.
