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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Norco_College/BIO_5%3A_General_Botany_(Friedrich_Finnern)/08%3A_Photosynthesis_and_Respiration/8.07%3A_Photorespiration_and_Photosynthetic_PathwaysPhotorespiration occurs when RuBisCO binds to gaseous oxygen rather than carbon dioxide. It undoes the good anabolic work of photosynthesis, reducing the net productivity of the plant. Plants in diffe...Photorespiration occurs when RuBisCO binds to gaseous oxygen rather than carbon dioxide. It undoes the good anabolic work of photosynthesis, reducing the net productivity of the plant. Plants in different environments have adaptations to reduce photorespiration while minimizing water loss.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Principles_of_Biology/01%3A_Chapter_1/10%3A_Photosynthesis/10.05%3A_The_Light_Independent_Reactions_(aka_the_Calvin_Cycle)The Calvin cycle is the term used for the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules (Figure \(\PageIndex{...The Calvin cycle is the term used for the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). In plants, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) enters the chloroplast through the stomata and diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast—the site of the Calvin cycle reactions where sugar is synthesized.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Botany/Botany_(Ha_Morrow_and_Algiers)/04%3A_Plant_Physiology_and_Regulation/4.01%3A_Photosynthesis_and_Respiration/4.1.07%3A_Photorespiration_and_Photosynthetic_PathwaysPhotorespiration occurs when RuBisCO binds to gaseous oxygen rather than carbon dioxide. It undoes the good anabolic work of photosynthesis, reducing the net productivity of the plant. Plants in diffe...Photorespiration occurs when RuBisCO binds to gaseous oxygen rather than carbon dioxide. It undoes the good anabolic work of photosynthesis, reducing the net productivity of the plant. Plants in different environments have adaptations to reduce photorespiration while minimizing water loss.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_and_Easy_(Ahern_and_Rajagopal)/07%3A_Metabolism_II/7.03%3A_Calvin_CycleThe Calvin Cycle occurs exclusively in photosynthetic organisms and is the part of photosynthesis referred to as the “Dark Cycle." It is in this part of the process that carbon dioxide is taken from t...The Calvin Cycle occurs exclusively in photosynthetic organisms and is the part of photosynthesis referred to as the “Dark Cycle." It is in this part of the process that carbon dioxide is taken from the atmosphere and ultimately built into glucose (or other sugars). Though reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose ultimately requires electrons from twelve molecules of NADPH (and 18 ATPs). One reduction occurs 12 times (1,3 BPG to G3P) to achieve the reduction necessary to make one glucose.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Harbor_College/Biology_3_Lecture_(Escandon)/05%3A_Photosynthesis_and_Cellular_Respiration/5.01%3A_Photosynthesis/5.1.03%3A_The_Calvin_CycleCarbohydrate molecules made will have a backbone of carbon atoms. Where does the carbon come from? The carbon atoms used to build carbohydrate molecules comes from carbon dioxide, the gas that animals...Carbohydrate molecules made will have a backbone of carbon atoms. Where does the carbon come from? The carbon atoms used to build carbohydrate molecules comes from carbon dioxide, the gas that animals exhale with each breath. The Calvin cycle is the term used for the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Botany/Introduction_to_Botany_(Shipunov)/03%3A_Photosynthesis/3.04%3A_C_PathwayRubisco is the enzyme of extreme importance since it starts the assimilation of carbon dioxide. Unfortunately, Rubisco is “two-faced” since it also catalyzes photorespiration. Photorespiration means t...Rubisco is the enzyme of extreme importance since it starts the assimilation of carbon dioxide. Unfortunately, Rubisco is “two-faced” since it also catalyzes photorespiration. Photorespiration means that plants take oxygen instead of carbon dioxide. Rubisco catalyzes photorespiration if there is a high concentration of oxygen (which usually is a result of intense light stage).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/04%3A_Cell_Metabolism/4.07%3A_Photosynthesis_-_Pathway_of_Carbon_FixationThis page explains photosynthesis as the conversion of light energy into organic molecules, primarily glucose, using water and carbon dioxide. It highlights the role of light energy in producing ATP a...This page explains photosynthesis as the conversion of light energy into organic molecules, primarily glucose, using water and carbon dioxide. It highlights the role of light energy in producing ATP and NADPH for CO2 reduction. The Calvin cycle, named after Melvin Calvin, details the reactions where CO2 combines with ribulose bisphosphate to form glucose. Calvin's use of radioactive carbon traced the rapid synthesis of glucose and other molecules in algae during photosynthesis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/05%3A_Microbial_Metabolism/5.12%3A_Biosynthesis/5.12E%3A_Regulation_of_the_Calvin_CycleThere are various organisms that utilize the Calvin cycle for production of organic compounds including cyanobacteria and purple and green bacteria. The Calvin cycle requires various enzymes to ensure...There are various organisms that utilize the Calvin cycle for production of organic compounds including cyanobacteria and purple and green bacteria. The Calvin cycle requires various enzymes to ensure proper regulation occurs and can be divided into three major phases: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of ribulose. Each of these phases are tightly regulated and require unique and specific enzymes.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/20%3A_Photosynthesis_and_Carbohydrate_Synthesis_in_Plants/20.04%3A_CO_uptake_-_Calvin_Cycle_and_C3_organismsThe document provides a comprehensive overview of the biochemical processes involved in the photosynthesis of C3 plants, focusing on the Calvin Cycle, the structure and function of Rubisco, and the re...The document provides a comprehensive overview of the biochemical processes involved in the photosynthesis of C3 plants, focusing on the Calvin Cycle, the structure and function of Rubisco, and the regulatory mechanisms that optimize carbon assimilation.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Cosumnes_River_College/Contemporary_Biology_(Aptekar)/04%3A_Cell_Energy-_Cell_Metabolism_Enzymes_Respiration_Fermentation_and_Photosynthesis/4.08%3A_Photosynthesis-_The_Calvin_CycleCarbohydrate molecules made will have a backbone of carbon atoms. Where does the carbon come from? The carbon atoms used to build carbohydrate molecules comes from carbon dioxide, the gas that animals...Carbohydrate molecules made will have a backbone of carbon atoms. Where does the carbon come from? The carbon atoms used to build carbohydrate molecules comes from carbon dioxide, the gas that animals exhale with each breath. The Calvin cycle is the term used for the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.02%3A_Plant_Physiology/16.2E%3A_Photorespiration_and_C4_PlantsThis page explains photosynthesis in plants, detailing the Calvin cycle where CO2 and RuBP, through RUBISCO, form a 6-carbon compound that splits into two PGA molecules. It highlights the challenge of...This page explains photosynthesis in plants, detailing the Calvin cycle where CO2 and RuBP, through RUBISCO, form a 6-carbon compound that splits into two PGA molecules. It highlights the challenge of photorespiration, where RUBISCO binds with oxygen, and how C4 and CAM plants have adapted to reduce this issue. C4 plants convert CO2 into a 4-carbon compound, while CAM plants schedule their processes to cope with difficult environments.
