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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology/07%3A_Microbial_Biochemistry/7.03%3A_ProteinsAmino acids are capable of bonding together in essentially any number, yielding molecules of essentially any size that possess a wide array of physical and chemical properties and perform numerous fun...Amino acids are capable of bonding together in essentially any number, yielding molecules of essentially any size that possess a wide array of physical and chemical properties and perform numerous functions vital to all organisms. The molecules derived from amino acids can function as structural components of cells and subcellular entities, as sources of nutrients, as atom- and energy-storage reservoirs, and as functional species such as hormones, enzymes, receptors, and transport molecules.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Portland_Community_College/Cascade_Microbiology/21%3A_Appendix_A_-_Biochemistry_Review/21.4%3A_ProteinsAmino acids are capable of bonding together in essentially any number, yielding molecules of essentially any size that possess a wide array of physical and chemical properties and perform numerous fun...Amino acids are capable of bonding together in essentially any number, yielding molecules of essentially any size that possess a wide array of physical and chemical properties and perform numerous functions vital to all organisms. The molecules derived from amino acids can function as structural components of cells and subcellular entities, as sources of nutrients, as atom- and energy-storage reservoirs, and as functional species such as hormones, enzymes, receptors, and transport molecules.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/North_Central_State_College/BIOL_1550%3A_Microbiology_(2025)/03%3A_Macromolecules/3.09%3A_Protein_StructuresAmino acids are capable of bonding together in essentially any number, yielding molecules of essentially any size that possess a wide array of physical and chemical properties and perform numerous fun...Amino acids are capable of bonding together in essentially any number, yielding molecules of essentially any size that possess a wide array of physical and chemical properties and perform numerous functions vital to all organisms. The molecules derived from amino acids can function as structural components of cells and subcellular entities, as sources of nutrients, as atom- and energy-storage reservoirs, and as functional species such as hormones, enzymes, receptors, and transport molecules.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(OpenStax)/07%3A_Microbial_Biochemistry/7.04%3A_ProteinsAmino acids are capable of bonding together in essentially any number, yielding molecules of essentially any size that possess a wide array of physical and chemical properties and perform numerous fun...Amino acids are capable of bonding together in essentially any number, yielding molecules of essentially any size that possess a wide array of physical and chemical properties and perform numerous functions vital to all organisms. The molecules derived from amino acids can function as structural components of cells and subcellular entities, as sources of nutrients, as atom- and energy-storage reservoirs, and as functional species such as hormones, enzymes, receptors, and transport molecules.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/03%3A_The_Cellular_Basis_of_Life/3.06%3A_Golgi_ApparatusThis page details the essential functions of the Golgi apparatus in processing proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, including glycosylation and the synthesis of small peptides. It describes the me...This page details the essential functions of the Golgi apparatus in processing proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, including glycosylation and the synthesis of small peptides. It describes the mechanisms of protein migration, such as transition vesicles and Golgi cisternae movement, as well as the recycling of enzymes to the ER.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/15%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/15.06%3A_Hormones/15.6.01%3A_Human_Hormones/15.6.1.02%3A_Hormones_of_the_GutThis page discusses over two dozen hormones in the gastrointestinal system, focusing on eight key hormones: gastrin, somatostatin, secretin, CCK, FGF19, incretins, ghrelin, and NPY/PYY3-36. These horm...This page discusses over two dozen hormones in the gastrointestinal system, focusing on eight key hormones: gastrin, somatostatin, secretin, CCK, FGF19, incretins, ghrelin, and NPY/PYY3-36. These hormones are crucial for digestion, appetite regulation, and nutrient absorption without known deficiency disorders. Their functions encompass gastric secretion, insulin release, and appetite suppression.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_(Liu_et_al.)/20%3A_Innate_Immunity_1The nonspecific innate immune response provides a first line of defense that can often prevent infections from gaining a solid foothold in the body. These defenses are described as nonspecific because...The nonspecific innate immune response provides a first line of defense that can often prevent infections from gaining a solid foothold in the body. These defenses are described as nonspecific because they do not target any specific pathogen; rather, they defend against a wide range of potential pathogens. They are called innate because they are built-in mechanisms of the human organism.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/02%3A_The_Molecules_of_Life/2.10%3A_ProteinsThis page discusses the importance of proteins, essential macromolecules made of amino acids, for various cellular functions. Their structure, including primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary fo...This page discusses the importance of proteins, essential macromolecules made of amino acids, for various cellular functions. Their structure, including primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary forms, is crucial for functionality, with molecular chaperones aiding proper folding. Disruption of structure leads to denaturation, impacting activities like enzymatic reactions. Mutations can lead to diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/North_Central_State_College/BIOL_1550%3A_Microbiology_(2025)/03%3A_Macromolecules/3.08%3A_Proteins_-_Building_BlocksAmino acids are capable of bonding together in essentially any number, yielding molecules of essentially any size that possess a wide array of physical and chemical properties and perform numerous fun...Amino acids are capable of bonding together in essentially any number, yielding molecules of essentially any size that possess a wide array of physical and chemical properties and perform numerous functions vital to all organisms. The molecules derived from amino acids can function as structural components of cells and subcellular entities, as sources of nutrients, as atom- and energy-storage reservoirs, and as functional species such as hormones, enzymes, receptors, and transport molecules.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_(Liu_et_al.)/03%3A_Macromolecules/3.07%3A_ProteinsAmino acids are capable of bonding together in essentially any number, yielding molecules of essentially any size that possess a wide array of physical and chemical properties and perform numerous fun...Amino acids are capable of bonding together in essentially any number, yielding molecules of essentially any size that possess a wide array of physical and chemical properties and perform numerous functions vital to all organisms. The molecules derived from amino acids can function as structural components of cells and subcellular entities, as sources of nutrients, as atom- and energy-storage reservoirs, and as functional species such as hormones, enzymes, receptors, and transport molecules.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/BIOL_440%3A_General_Microbiology_(Hughes)/02%3A_Week_2/02%3A_Microbial_Biochemistry/2.04%3A_ProteinsAmino acids are capable of bonding together in essentially any number, yielding molecules of essentially any size that possess a wide array of physical and chemical properties and perform numerous fun...Amino acids are capable of bonding together in essentially any number, yielding molecules of essentially any size that possess a wide array of physical and chemical properties and perform numerous functions vital to all organisms. The molecules derived from amino acids can function as structural components of cells and subcellular entities, as sources of nutrients, as atom- and energy-storage reservoirs, and as functional species such as hormones, enzymes, receptors, and transport molecules.
