11.B: Animal Structure and Function (Exercises)

Which of the following statements about types of epithelial cells is false?

1. Simple columnar epithelial cells line the tissue of the lung.
2. Simple cuboidal epithelial cells are involved in the filtering of blood in the kidney.
3. Pseudostratisfied columnar epithilia occur in a single layer, but the arrangement of nuclei makes it appear that more than one layer is present.
4. Transitional epithelia change in thickness depending on how full the bladder is.

State whether each of the following processes are regulated by a positive feedback loop or a negative feedback loop.

1. A person feels satiated after eating a large meal.
2. The blood has plenty of red blood cells. As a result, erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of new red blood cells, is no longer released from the kidney.

When bacteria are destroyed by leukocytes, pyrogens are released into the blood. Pyrogens reset the body’s thermostat to a higher temperature, resulting in fever. How might pyrogens cause the body temperature to rise?

Which type of animal maintains a constant internal body temperature?

1. endotherm
2. ectotherm
3. coelomate
4. mesoderm

The symmetry found in animals that move swiftly is ________.

1. radial
2. bilateral
3. sequential
4. interrupted

What term describes the condition of a desert mouse that lowers its metabolic rate and “sleeps” during the hot day?

1. turgid
2. hibernation
3. estivation
4. normal sleep pattern

A plane that divides an animal into equal right and left portions is ________.

1. diagonal
2. midsagittal
3. coronal
4. transverse

A plane that divides an animal into dorsal and ventral portions is ________.

1. sagittal
2. midsagittal
3. coronal
4. transverse

The pleural cavity is a part of which cavity?

1. dorsal cavity
2. thoracic cavity
3. abdominal cavity
4. pericardial cavity

How could the increasing global temperature associated with climate change impact ectotherms?

1. Ectotherm diversity will decrease in cool regions.
2. Ectotherms will be able to be active all day in the tropics.
3. Ectotherms will have to expend more energy to cool their body temperatures.
4. Ectotherms will be able to expand into new habitats.

Although most animals are bilaterally symmetrical, a few exhibit radial symmetry. What is an advantage of radial symmetry?

1. It confuses predators.
2. It allows the animal to gather food from all sides.
3. It allows the animal to undergo rapid, purposeful movement in any direction.
4. It lets an animal use its dorsal surface to sense its environment.

Which type of epithelial cell is best adapted to aid diffusion?

1. squamous
2. cuboidal
3. columnar
4. transitional

Which type of epithelial cell is found in glands?

1. squamous
2. cuboidal
3. columnar
4. transitional

Which type of epithelial cell is found in the urinary bladder?

1. squamous
2. cuboidal
3. columnar
4. transitional

Which type of connective tissue has the most fibers?

1. loose connective tissue
2. fibrous connective tissue
3. cartilage
4. bone

Which type of connective tissue has a mineralized different matrix?

1. loose connective tissue
2. fibrous connective tissue
3. cartilage
4. bone

The cell found in bone that breaks it down is called an ________.

1. osteoblast
2. osteocyte
3. osteoclast
4. osteon

The cell found in bone that makes the bone is called an ________.

1. osteoblast
2. osteocyte
3. osteoclast
4. osteon

Plasma is the ________.

1. fibers in blood
2. matrix of blood
3. cell that phagocytizes bacteria
4. cell fragment found in the tissue

The type of muscle cell under voluntary control is the ________.

1. smooth muscle
2. skeletal muscle
3. cardiac muscle
4. visceral muscle

The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus is the

1. cell body
2. dendrite
3. axon
4. glial

Why are intercalated discs essential to the function of cardiac muscle?

1. The discs maintain the barriers between the cells.
2. The discs pass nutrients between cells.
3. The discs ensure that all the cardiac muscle cells beat as a single unit.
4. The discs control the heart rate.

When faced with a sudden drop in environmental temperature, an endothermic animal will:

1. experience a drop in its body temperature
2. wait to see if it goes lower
3. increase muscle activity to generate heat
4. add fur or fat to increase insulation

Which is an example of negative feedback?

1. lowering of blood glucose after a meal
2. blood clotting after an injury
3. lactation during nursing
4. uterine contractions during labor

Which method of heat exchange occurs during direct contact between the source and animal?

1. radiation
2. evaporation
3. convection
4. conduction

The body’s thermostat is located in the ________.

1. homeostatic receptor
2. hypothalamus
3. medulla
4. vasodilation center

Which of the following is not true about acclimatization?

1. Acclimatization allows animals to compensate for changes in their environment.
2. Acclimatization improves function in a new environment.
3. Acclimatization occurs when an animal tries to reestablish a homeostatic set point.
4. Acclimatization is passed on to offspring of acclimated individuals.

Which of the following is not a way that ectotherms can change their body temperatures?

1. Sweating for evaporative cooling.
2. Adjusting the timing of their daily activities.
3. Seek out or avoid direct sunlight.
4. Huddle in a group.