13.E: Humoral Immunity (Exercises)

These are homework exercises to accompany Kaiser's "Microbiology" TextMap. Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are defined as any microscopic organism that comprises either a single cell (unicellular), cell clusters or no cell at all (acellular). This includes eukaryotes, such as fungi and protists, and prokaryotes. Viruses and prions, though not strictly classed as living organisms, are also studied.

13.1: Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)

Study the material in this section and then write out the answers to these questions. Do not just click on the answers and write them out. This will not test your understanding of this tutorial.

1. Define antibody.
2. In terms of infectious disease, state what humoral immunity is most effective against.

13.1A: An Overview

13.1B: Antibody Structure

13.1C: The 5 Classes (Isotypes) of Human Antibodies

13.1D: Generation of Antibody Diversity

13.1E: Clonal Selection and Clonal Expansion

13.1F: Anamnestic (Memory) Response

13.2: Ways That Antibodies Help to Defend the Body

• List 9 ways that antibodies help to defend the body.

13.2A: Opsonization

13.2B: Cytolysis by the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)

13.2C: Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) by Natural Killer Cells

13.2D: Neutralization of Exotoxins

13.2E: Neutralization of Viruses

13.2F: Preventing Bacterial Adherence

13.2G: Agglutination of Microorganisms

13.2H: Immobilization of Bacteria and Protozoans

13.2I: Promoting an Inflammatory Response

13.3: Naturally and Artificially Acquired Active and Passive Immunity

1. Define the following:
   1. active immunity
   2. passive immunity

2. Study the material in this section and then write out the answers to these questions. Do not just click on the answers and write them out. This will not test your understanding of this tutorial.

   1.Matching

   _____ Antibodies made in another person or animal enter the body and the immunity is short-lived.

   _____ Antigens enter the body and the body responds by making its own antibodies and B-memory cells.

   1. active immunity
   2. passive immunity

13.3A: Naturally Acquired Immunity

Study the material in this section and then write out the answers to these questions. Do not just click on the answers and write them out. This will not test your understanding of this tutorial.

1. Give an example of naturally acquired active immunity.
2. Give two examples of naturally acquired passive immunity.
   1.  
   2.  
3. State why naturally acquired passive immunity is important to newborns and infants.

13.3B: Artificially Acquired Immunity

Study the material in this section and then write out the answers to these questions. Do not just click on the answers and write them out. This will not test your understanding of this tutorial.

1. Define and give an example of artifically acquired passive immunity.
2. Define and give an example of artifically acquired active immunity.
3. List 3 different forms of antigen that may be used for artificially acquired active immunity and state 2 common examples of each.
   1.  
   2.  
   3.  
4. A patient with a deep puncture wound who has never received a DTP vaccinationis given both Td and TIG. Another patient with an identical wound and who had 4 DTP vaccinationsas a child and a Td booster 3 years ago is given nothing. Discuss the reasoning behind this. (hint: see Fig. 1)