12.4: Modified Shoots
- Page ID
- 35384
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Horizontal Stems
![A diagram of a horizontal stem that looks like a root](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/44788/EB1911_-_Liliaceae_-_Fig._7.%25E2%2580%2594Rhizome_of_Polygonatum_multiflorum.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=518&height=305)
![Another view of the rhizome, showing adventitious roots emerging.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/44790/1920px-Alpinia_purpurata_-_Rhizome_07.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=620&height=580)
![The base of an Iris showing many morphological structures emerging from around the same area.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/44792/1920px-Iris_pseudacorus_rhizome_and_roots_IMG_9222s.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=785&height=588)
![Ginger shoots arise from the ginger rhizome, which is thick, has short internodes, and papery leaves.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/29982/Ginger.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=557&height=436)
![Several long, white stolons emerge from a spider plant](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/29980/Stolon.png?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=563&height=376)
![Three distinct plants are connected by horizontal stems (stolons)](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/44794/1920px-Stolon_(PSF).png?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=535&height=543)
![Strawberry plants connected by crisscrossing, above ground stems](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/44793/large.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=415&height=553)
Storage Stems
![Potato tubers in the soil. They are oval, expanded structures.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/29983/Potato.png?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=617&height=410)
![A potato tuber with a shoot growing out of one of the nodes](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/44795/Potato_sprout%252C_January_23%252C_2006.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=575&height=431)
![A corm cut longitudinally reveals a thick, white stem](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/29979/Corm.png?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=266&height=481)
![An onion bulb cut longitudinally has a small stem and layers of thick, fleshy leaves.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/29984/Onion.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=240&height=480)
Sharp Armaments
![A hawthorn stem with sharp, brown thorns arising from the axils above each leaf.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/29988/Hawthorn.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=623&height=466)
![Close-up of a rose stem with red, triangular prickles](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/29978/Prickles_on_rose.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=335&height=470)
![Several spines from a cactus.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/44796/Cactus_Spines_(aka).jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=817&height=526)
Climbing
![A wild cucumber, with small, oval, spiky fruits and scattered tendrils. The thin, pale tendrils coil around surrounding structures.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/29985/Wild_cucumber.png?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=624&height=450)
Photosynthesis
![A young asparagus plant has not yet formed cladophylls. The actual leaves are reddish, triangular scales along the stem.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/29976/Asparagus_2.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=596&height=447)
![Cladophylls of butchers broom are flattened like leaves. They are rounded and come to a point at the end.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/29977/Butchers_broom.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=617&height=463)
![Cladophylls of Christmas cactus are flattened stem segments.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/29986/Christmas_cactus.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=597&height=336)