11.3: Root Systems
- Page ID
- 38607
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Taproots
![A carrot taproot](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/27393/Taproot.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=227&height=446)
![A close up on the lateral roots of the carrot taproot](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/27394/Taproot_close.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=357&height=448)
![Large taproot of yellow sand verbena emerging from the dunes](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/27395/Taproot_Abronia_2.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=381&height=508)
Netted Roots
Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\): The netted root system of Zea mays. There are many roots of approximately the same diameter that then branch off into smaller roots. There is, distinctly, no one larger root. This is a netted root system. Photo by Maria Morrow, CC-BY 4.0.
Contractile Roots
![The base of a dandelion rosette, showing a contractile root](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/27401/Dandelion_contractile_root.jpeg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=566&height=318)
Adventitious Roots
![Adventitious roots of a Kalanchoe plant](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/27398/Advent_roots_kalanchoe.jpeg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=567&height=319)
![Adventitious roots on old and young English ivy stems](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/27400/Adventitious_roots.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=629&height=435)
Prop Roots.
![Corn with prop roots that emerge above its netted root system](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/27397/Prop_and_netted_roots.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=428&height=571)
Pneumatophores
![Trees with hundreds of aerial roots that emerge from the ground and extend upward.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45588/1920px-Pneumatophores_of_Avicennia_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe_DSCN9864_(21).jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=835&height=625)