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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Minnesota_State_Community_and_Technical_College/Biology_of_Human_Concerns_(Daniels)/02%3A_Chemistry_of_Life/2.13%3A_NutrientsNutrients are substances the body needs for energy, building materials, and control of body processes. There are six major classes of nutrients based on biochemical properties: carbohydrates, proteins...Nutrients are substances the body needs for energy, building materials, and control of body processes. There are six major classes of nutrients based on biochemical properties: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, and minerals. Fiber, which consists largely of nondigestible carbohydrates, is sometimes added as the seventh class of nutrients.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coastline_College/ENVS_C100%3A_Environmental_Science_(Hoerer)/02%3A_Environmental_Chemistry/2.02%3A_Supplemental_Modules_(Environmental_Chemistry)/2.2.02%3A_Aquatic_Chemistry/2.2.2.08%3A_Water_ChemistryWater is an unusual compound with unique physical properties. As a result, its the compound of life. Yet, its the most abundant compound in the biosphere of Earth. These properties are related to its ...Water is an unusual compound with unique physical properties. As a result, its the compound of life. Yet, its the most abundant compound in the biosphere of Earth. These properties are related to its electronic structure, bonding, and chemistry. However, due to its affinity for a variety of substances, ordinary water contains other substances. Few of us has used, seen or tested pure water, based on which we discuss its chemistry.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_2%3A_The_Physical_Environment/2.3%3A_SoilsSoil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ ...Soil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ in proportions of clay, silt, and sand. A soil profile is characterized by horizontal layers called horizons. Climate, organisms, topography, parent material, and time influence soil composition and formation.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.02%3A_Plant_Physiology/16.2C%3A_TranspirationThis page discusses transpiration, the evaporation of water from plants, mainly through leaf stomata during photosynthesis. It highlights the necessity of replacing lost water via xylem transport from...This page discusses transpiration, the evaporation of water from plants, mainly through leaf stomata during photosynthesis. It highlights the necessity of replacing lost water via xylem transport from roots and notes the benefits of transpiration, such as aiding photosynthesis and cooling. Environmental factors like light, temperature, humidity, wind, and soil water availability influence transpiration rates.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Vermont/UVM_Environmental_Science/02%3A_Biosphere/2.02%3A_Biogeography_and_the_Distribution_of_OrganismsMany forces influence the communities of living organisms present in different parts of the biosphere (all of the parts of Earth inhabited by life). The biosphere extends into the atmosphere (several ...Many forces influence the communities of living organisms present in different parts of the biosphere (all of the parts of Earth inhabited by life). The biosphere extends into the atmosphere (several kilometers above Earth) and into the depths of the oceans. Despite its apparent vastness to an individual human, the biosphere occupies only a minute space when compared to the known universe. Many abiotic forces influence where life can exist and the types of organisms found in the biosphere.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/BIOL_342%3A_The_New_Plagues_-_New_and_Ancient_Infectious_Diseases_Threatening_World_Health_(Hughes)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/01%3A_A%3A_Fundamentals_of_Physics_and_Chemistry_Important_to_MicrobiologyLike all other matter, the matter that comprises microorganisms is governed by the laws of chemistry and physics. The chemical and physical properties of microbial pathogens—both cellular and acellula...Like all other matter, the matter that comprises microorganisms is governed by the laws of chemistry and physics. The chemical and physical properties of microbial pathogens—both cellular and acellular—dictate their habitat, control their metabolic processes, and determine how they interact with the human body. This appendix provides a review of some of the fundamental principles of chemistry and physics that are essential to an understanding of microbiology.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/BIOL_106%3A_Essentials_of_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Anzalone)/13%3A_Nutrition/13.02%3A_NutrientsNutrients are substances the body needs for energy, building materials, and control of body processes. There are six major classes of nutrients based on biochemical properties: carbohydrates, proteins...Nutrients are substances the body needs for energy, building materials, and control of body processes. There are six major classes of nutrients based on biochemical properties: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, and minerals. Fiber, which consists largely of nondigestible carbohydrates, is sometimes added as the seventh class of nutrients.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/17%3A_Ecology/17.01%3A_Energy_Flow_through_the_Biosphere/17.1D%3A_Freshwater_EcosystemsThis page explains that only 3% of the world's water is fresh, largely found in frozen or buried forms. Freshwater ecosystems include the littoral, limnetic, and profundal zones in lakes, each support...This page explains that only 3% of the world's water is fresh, largely found in frozen or buried forms. Freshwater ecosystems include the littoral, limnetic, and profundal zones in lakes, each supporting different life forms and productivity levels. Seasonal changes lead to oxygen mixing in these zones. Rivers and streams typically have higher oxygen levels and rely less on photosynthesis, while oceans have similar zones but different naming conventions.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/20%3A_Biogeochemical_Cycles/20.01%3A_Biogeochemical_CyclesSome other examples of reservoirs or pools for water you will encounter in the course include glaciers; the soil layer; the aggregate of bodies of fresh water on the continents (rivers and lakes). If ...Some other examples of reservoirs or pools for water you will encounter in the course include glaciers; the soil layer; the aggregate of bodies of fresh water on the continents (rivers and lakes). If the flux of material into and out of a given reservoir is the same for some period of time, that reservoir is said to be in a steady state.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/01%3A_The_Chemical_Basis_of_Life/1.05%3A_Hydrogen_BondsThis page discusses hydrogen bonds, which are weak attractions between polar molecules like water. Each water molecule can form bonds with four others, leading to unique properties such as a wide liqu...This page discusses hydrogen bonds, which are weak attractions between polar molecules like water. Each water molecule can form bonds with four others, leading to unique properties such as a wide liquid temperature range and high heat of vaporization. These characteristics support cooling via sweat evaporation and stabilize temperatures near water bodies.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/02%3A_The_Physical_Environment/2.03%3A_SoilsSoil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ ...Soil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ in proportions of clay, silt, and sand. A soil profile is characterized by horizontal layers called horizons. Climate, organisms, topography, parent material, and time influence soil composition and formation.
