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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/11%3A_Pedigrees_and_Populations/11.02%3A_Pedigree_AnalysisThis page discusses pedigree charts, which are diagrams that show the phenotypes or genotypes of an organism and its ancestors to track genetic diseases within families. They utilize standardized symb...This page discusses pedigree charts, which are diagrams that show the phenotypes or genotypes of an organism and its ancestors to track genetic diseases within families. They utilize standardized symbols to represent sex, relationships, and traits, helping geneticists analyze inheritance patterns and disease probabilities. Accuracy is vital, but errors can occur from family memories or clinical diagnoses.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/09%3A_Mutation_and_Variation/9.08%3A_Linkage_and_Mapping/9.8.E%3A_Linkage_and_Mapping_(Exercises)If the A-B map distance is 1cM, and the B-C map distance is 0.6cM, given the lines AaBbCc and aabbcc, what will be the frequency of Aabb genotypes among their progeny if one of the parents of the dihy...If the A-B map distance is 1cM, and the B-C map distance is 0.6cM, given the lines AaBbCc and aabbcc, what will be the frequency of Aabb genotypes among their progeny if one of the parents of the dihybrid had the genotypes AABBCC? The proportion of the seeds that are also either white or purple flowered would help you to know about the linkage between the two loci only if the genotypes of the parents of the dihybrid were also known.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/08%3A_The_Genetic_Consequences_of_Meiosis/8.06%3A_Quantitative_Trait_LociThis page discusses Mendel's rules of inheritance and their limitations in explaining continuous human traits like height and weight. It highlights Nilsson-Ehle's 1908 research on polygenic inheritanc...This page discusses Mendel's rules of inheritance and their limitations in explaining continuous human traits like height and weight. It highlights Nilsson-Ehle's 1908 research on polygenic inheritance in wheat, illustrating that traits like kernel color involve multiple gene pairs, leading to variations. This concept aids in understanding human diseases, as multiple genes can interact to influence conditions such as cancer.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/08%3A_The_Genetic_Consequences_of_Meiosis/8.04%3A_Genetic_linkage_and_Genetic_MapsThis page discusses Mendel's dihybrid cross in peas, which led to the Rule of Independent Assortment, indicating that gene pairs are inherited independently, especially for genes on separate or distan...This page discusses Mendel's dihybrid cross in peas, which led to the Rule of Independent Assortment, indicating that gene pairs are inherited independently, especially for genes on separate or distantly located chromosomes. It acknowledges the presence of syntenic traits that still assort independently and highlights the complexities of linkage analysis in corn, where varying recombination frequencies can impact the accuracy of genetic mapping.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/11%3A_Pedigrees_and_Populations/11.01%3A_Prelude_to_Pedigrees_and_PopulationsThis page discusses how geneticists use pedigree analysis to study inheritance patterns of genes in humans and other species, particularly when controlled mating is not possible. It highlights the exa...This page discusses how geneticists use pedigree analysis to study inheritance patterns of genes in humans and other species, particularly when controlled mating is not possible. It highlights the example of polydactyly, a condition with six fingers, as a case for examination through these methods.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/18%3A_Evolution/18.06%3A_The_Hardy-Weinberg_EquilibriumThis page explains how various mechanisms, such as assortative mating and natural selection, disrupt Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, leading to changes in allele frequencies within populations. It highlig...This page explains how various mechanisms, such as assortative mating and natural selection, disrupt Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, leading to changes in allele frequencies within populations. It highlights the impact of preference for similar phenotypes on genetic diversity and the role of natural selection in promoting beneficial traits.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/09%3A_Mutation_and_Variation/9.08%3A_Linkage_and_MappingThis page discusses Mendel's Second Law of Independent Assortment, noting that while traits typically segregate independently, genes close together on a chromosome can exhibit linkage, which influence...This page discusses Mendel's Second Law of Independent Assortment, noting that while traits typically segregate independently, genes close together on a chromosome can exhibit linkage, which influences inheritance and genetic mapping. It explains that recombination through crossovers contributes to genetic diversity in meiosis, highlighting the importance of understanding linkage and recombination in heredity and evolution.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/05%3A_Genetic_Analysis_of_Multiple_GenesThe principles of genetic analysis that we have described for a single locus can be extended to the study of alleles at two loci simultaneously. Analysis of two loci in parallel is required for geneti...The principles of genetic analysis that we have described for a single locus can be extended to the study of alleles at two loci simultaneously. Analysis of two loci in parallel is required for genetic mapping and can also reveal gene interactions. These techniques are very useful for both basic and applied research. Before discussing these techniques, we will first revisit Mendel’s classical experiments.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/11%3A_Pedigrees_and_Populations/11.03%3A_Inferring_the_Mode_of_InheritanceThis page outlines five modes of inheritance for genetic traits: autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR), X-linked dominant (XD), X-linked recessive (XR), and Y-linked (Y). AD traits require...This page outlines five modes of inheritance for genetic traits: autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR), X-linked dominant (XD), X-linked recessive (XR), and Y-linked (Y). AD traits require one affected parent and appear in each generation, whereas AR traits need both parents to carry the allele and can skip generations. XD traits primarily affect females, XR traits mainly affect males, and Y-linked traits occur only in males.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/08%3A_The_Genetic_Consequences_of_Meiosis/8.03%3A_The_Evidence_of_Creighton_and_McClintockThis page discusses a study by Creighton and McClintock on a corn plant exhibiting a unique chromosomal aberration that allowed for the visual distinction of homologous chromosomes. They analyzed game...This page discusses a study by Creighton and McClintock on a corn plant exhibiting a unique chromosomal aberration that allowed for the visual distinction of homologous chromosomes. They analyzed gamete production and kernel types resulting from fertilization, revealing a physical exchange of chromosomes during crossing over.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/08%3A_The_Genetic_Consequences_of_Meiosis/8.01%3A_Mendel's_Monohybrid_CrossesThis page discusses Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk whose experiments with garden peas from 1858 to 1866 established the principles of inheritance. He demonstrated dominance through seed traits and hi...This page discusses Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk whose experiments with garden peas from 1858 to 1866 established the principles of inheritance. He demonstrated dominance through seed traits and highlighted the re-emergence of traits across generations, formulating key hypotheses about heredity. Despite being initially overlooked, Mendel's work is foundational to modern genetics, which has since identified exceptions to his principles of dominance and segregation.
