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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Portland_Community_College/Cascade_Microbiology/14%3A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity/14.3%3A_Bacterial_Virulence_FactorsVirulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the m...Virulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/17%3A_Ecology/17.01%3A_Energy_Flow_through_the_Biosphere/17.1F%3A_Biomagnification_of_PesticidesThis page discusses how DDT accumulates in organisms through biomagnification across four trophic levels, resulting in higher toxin concentrations in top-level consumers such as ospreys and eagles. Th...This page discusses how DDT accumulates in organisms through biomagnification across four trophic levels, resulting in higher toxin concentrations in top-level consumers such as ospreys and eagles. The slow metabolism and excretion of DDT lead to severe ecological consequences, including population declines in affected carnivores, as trace amounts in primary producers like plankton become exponentially concentrated as they ascend the food chain.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(OpenStax)/15%3A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity/15.03%3A_Virulence_FactorsVirulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the m...Virulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_(Liu_et_al.)/17%3A_Pathogenicity_and_Virulence_Factors/17.03%3A_Bacterial_Virulence_Factors-_ToxinsThis page discusses bacterial toxins, detailing endotoxins and exotoxins. Endotoxins, from gram-negative bacteria, induce inflammatory responses, while exotoxins, from gram-positive bacteria, are leth...This page discusses bacterial toxins, detailing endotoxins and exotoxins. Endotoxins, from gram-negative bacteria, induce inflammatory responses, while exotoxins, from gram-positive bacteria, are lethal in small doses and categorized into types like A-B toxins. Specific examples include cholera toxin, botulinum toxin, and tetanus toxin, each affecting bodily functions in distinct ways.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/North_Central_State_College/BIOL_1550%3A_Microbiology_(2025)/17%3A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity/17.03%3A_Virulence_FactorsVirulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the m...Virulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/BIOL_440%3A_General_Microbiology_(Hughes)/11%3A_Week_11/17%3A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity/17.03%3A_Virulence_FactorsVirulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the m...Virulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_(Liu_et_al.)/17%3A_Pathogenicity_and_Virulence_FactorsThe signs and symptoms we associate with illness can have many different causes. Sometimes they are the direct result of a pathogenic infection, but in other cases they result from a response by our i...The signs and symptoms we associate with illness can have many different causes. Sometimes they are the direct result of a pathogenic infection, but in other cases they result from a response by our immune system to a pathogen or another perceived threat. Medical professionals rely heavily on analysis of signs and symptoms to determine the cause of an ailment and prescribe treatment.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/PGCC_Microbiology/05%3A_Infectious_Diseases_and_Epidemiology/5.04%3A_Virulence_FactorsVirulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the m...Virulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_(Liu_et_al.)/17%3A_Pathogenicity_and_Virulence_Factors/17.04%3A_Immune_Evasion_and_Viral_Virulence_FactorsThis page examines bacterial and viral mechanisms for evading the immune system, detailing virulence factors such as capsules, proteases, and antigenic variation. Bacteria use exotoxins and endotoxins...This page examines bacterial and viral mechanisms for evading the immune system, detailing virulence factors such as capsules, proteases, and antigenic variation. Bacteria use exotoxins and endotoxins, while viruses rely on adhesins and undergo antigenic drift and shift. Examples include Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza, emphasizing the need for vaccines due to the emergence of new strains.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Mansfield_University_of_Pennsylvania/BSC_3271%3A_Microbiology_for_Health_Sciences_Sp21_(Kagle)/12%3A_How_Microbes_Cause_Disease/12.01%3A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity/12.1.03%3A_Virulence_FactorsVirulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the m...Virulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_(Liu_et_al.)/17%3A_Pathogenicity_and_Virulence_Factors/17.02%3A_Bacterial_Virulence_Factors-_Adhesins_and_ExoenzymesVirulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the m...Virulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria.