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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coastline_College/ENVS_C100%3A_Environmental_Science_(Hoerer)/02%3A_Environmental_Chemistry/2.04%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry_(Lucia)/2.4.05%3A_Alternative_Reagants/2.4.5.03%3A_Specific_ReplacementsIt is known that if phase solubility diagrams show that the solubility of a guest molecule increases linearly along with the concentration of CD, then they can be considered as AL-type phase diagrams ...It is known that if phase solubility diagrams show that the solubility of a guest molecule increases linearly along with the concentration of CD, then they can be considered as AL-type phase diagrams [1], suggesting the formation of 1:1 complexes, which are the most common and best understood of these types of interactions.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coastline_College/ENVS_C100%3A_Environmental_Science_(Hoerer)/02%3A_Environmental_Chemistry/2.04%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry_(Lucia)/2.4.02%3A_Life-Cycle_Analysis/2.4.2.03%3A_Conclusions_and_ReviewThere are many tools to assist life cycle assessments. There are software and data packages designed for performing LCAs. No matter the form of the software, the use of some sort of LCA software and d...There are many tools to assist life cycle assessments. There are software and data packages designed for performing LCAs. No matter the form of the software, the use of some sort of LCA software and data management system is needed in LCAs. The life cycle inventory step of an LCA often requires a large data set listing hundreds of emissions to the environment.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coastline_College/ENVS_C100%3A_Environmental_Science_(Hoerer)/02%3A_Environmental_Chemistry/2.04%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry_(Lucia)/2.4.06%3A_Reaction_Types_Design_and_Efficiency/2.4.6.02%3A_Reaction_ConceptsReaction types are significant to all fields of chemistry because they are what characterize any transformation from starting materials to products. In the pantheon of reactions, we tend to focus on f...Reaction types are significant to all fields of chemistry because they are what characterize any transformation from starting materials to products. In the pantheon of reactions, we tend to focus on functional group creation and atom transformation.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coastline_College/ENVS_C100%3A_Environmental_Science_(Hoerer)/02%3A_Environmental_Chemistry/2.04%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry_(Lucia)/2.4.04%3A_Alternative_SolventsThis chapter focuses our attention on the pre-eminence of alternative solvents. The topics covered include the following: Auxiliary substances, Transition state, Michael Reaction, Ball Milling ,Graft ...This chapter focuses our attention on the pre-eminence of alternative solvents. The topics covered include the following: Auxiliary substances, Transition state, Michael Reaction, Ball Milling ,Graft Polymerization, Supercritical Fluids We attempt to ensure that their significance to the field of green chemistry is well elucidated because of their universal nature in chemistry, biology, and engineering.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coastline_College/ENVS_C100%3A_Environmental_Science_(Hoerer)/02%3A_Environmental_Chemistry/2.04%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry_(Lucia)/2.4.05%3A_Alternative_Reagants/2.4.5.04%3A_Conclusions_and_ReviewAdvances in drug development such as high throughput have increased the total and variety of drug candidates whose clinical usefulness is principally limited to a great degree by the following: It has...Advances in drug development such as high throughput have increased the total and variety of drug candidates whose clinical usefulness is principally limited to a great degree by the following: It has also been shown that cyclodextrins form aggregates that are able to solubilize in a micellar-like fashion; their exact structures are not known, nor is the way they influence drug delivery
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coastline_College/ENVS_C100%3A_Environmental_Science_(Hoerer)/02%3A_Environmental_Chemistry/2.04%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry_(Lucia)/2.4.05%3A_Alternative_ReagantsThis chapter focuses our attention on the pre-eminence of alternative reagents that supplant petroleum-derived reagents. The general GC principles covered in this chapter are 2 (low or no toxic substa...This chapter focuses our attention on the pre-eminence of alternative reagents that supplant petroleum-derived reagents. The general GC principles covered in this chapter are 2 (low or no toxic substance synthesis), 7 (sustainable feedstocks), and 10 (biodegradability). The topics covered include: Reagents, Ion-exchange resin, combinatorial chemistry, cyclodextrins, patenteral delivery. As we indicated for the solvents, we again attempt to ensure their significance.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coastline_College/ENVS_C100%3A_Environmental_Science_(Hoerer)/02%3A_Environmental_Chemistry/2.04%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry_(Lucia)/2.4.06%3A_Reaction_Types_Design_and_Efficiency/2.4.6.01%3A_Introduction_to_ReactionsA budding green chemist such as yourself will investigate how a chemical will undergo one or more treatments to produce a needed product in a manner consistent with the dogmas of GC. Typically, any ch...A budding green chemist such as yourself will investigate how a chemical will undergo one or more treatments to produce a needed product in a manner consistent with the dogmas of GC. Typically, any chemist is chiefly interested in the concepts of yield and specificity, namely, how efficiently is the conversion done based on a theoretical yield and how exactingly is it done (with respect to a series of products).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coastline_College/ENVS_C100%3A_Environmental_Science_(Hoerer)/02%3A_Environmental_Chemistry/2.04%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry_(Lucia)/2.4.06%3A_Reaction_Types_Design_and_EfficiencyThis chapter focuses our attention on the greenest types of reactions relevant to this course and how and why they are germane for us. The topics covered include: Rearrangement, Resonance, Canonical s...This chapter focuses our attention on the greenest types of reactions relevant to this course and how and why they are germane for us. The topics covered include: Rearrangement, Resonance, Canonical structures, Yield, and Specificity. We will focus on a variety of reactions whose character is in line with the first two GC principles (prevent waste and maximize incorporation of all materials in final product).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coastline_College/ENVS_C100%3A_Environmental_Science_(Hoerer)/02%3A_Environmental_Chemistry/2.04%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry_(Lucia)/2.4.03%3A_Hazards/2.4.3.03%3A_Case_Study_-_Badger_Army_Ammunition_PlantEnvironmental cleanup of the 7,400-acre Badger Army Ammunition Plant will be greater than $250 million. This is one of the 40 contaminated military sites in Wisconsin which the Defense Environmental R...Environmental cleanup of the 7,400-acre Badger Army Ammunition Plant will be greater than $250 million. This is one of the 40 contaminated military sites in Wisconsin which the Defense Environmental Restoration Account cites as the most contaminated. In fact, 32 areas are polluted with dangerous levels of solvents, metals and explosive/incendiary waste. The water beneath the plant is contaminated with mutagenic chemicals that include carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and dinitrotoluenes.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coastline_College/ENVS_C100%3A_Environmental_Science_(Hoerer)/02%3A_Environmental_Chemistry/2.04%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry_(Lucia)/2.4.06%3A_Reaction_Types_Design_and_Efficiency/2.4.6.04%3A_Conclusions_and_ReviewThis chapter serves to cement the concepts we learned in this magnificent discipline and to provide a platform for understanding how to best approach the chemistry, chemical engineering, and the biolo...This chapter serves to cement the concepts we learned in this magnificent discipline and to provide a platform for understanding how to best approach the chemistry, chemical engineering, and the biological transformations of reactions and processes. Show all the reactant atoms that are incorporated into the desired product, and the atoms of the desired product in green, and all other atoms in brown.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coastline_College/ENVS_C100%3A_Environmental_Science_(Hoerer)/02%3A_Environmental_Chemistry/2.04%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry_(Lucia)/2.4.04%3A_Alternative_Solvents/2.4.4.02%3A_Solvent_ConceptsSuch an energy input, however, can be accommodated or lessened by a number of factors, viz., the use of a catalyst which in general has shown the ability to reduce the energetic considerations to acce...Such an energy input, however, can be accommodated or lessened by a number of factors, viz., the use of a catalyst which in general has shown the ability to reduce the energetic considerations to access that state by virtue of its capacity to engage in structural or energetic interactions with the starting material and strongly encourage the formation of the transition state.
