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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/06%3A_Culturing_Microorganisms/6.14%3A_Physical_Antimicrobial_Control/6.14C%3A_Low_TemperaturesLow temperatures usually inhibit or stop microbial growth and proliferation but often do not kill bacteria.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/07%3A_Microbial_Genetics/7.15%3A_Genome_Evolution/7.15C%3A_Genome_ReductionGenome reduction is the loss of genome size of a species in comparison to its ancestors.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/09%3A_Viruses/9.05%3A_Viral_Replication/9.5A%3A_General_Features_of_Virus_ReplicationFrom the perspective of the virus, the purpose of viral replication is to allow reproduction and survival of its kind. Attachment to the receptor can fore the viral envelope protein to undergo either ...From the perspective of the virus, the purpose of viral replication is to allow reproduction and survival of its kind. Attachment to the receptor can fore the viral envelope protein to undergo either changes that result in the fusion of viral and cellular membranes, or changes of non-enveloped virus surface proteins that allow the virus to enter. uncoating: A process in which the viral capsid of a virus is removed, leading to the release of the viral genomic nucleic acid.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/04%3A_Cell_Structure_of_Bacteria_Archaea_and_Eukaryotes/4.04%3A_Cell_Walls_of_Prokaryotes/4.4C%3A_Gram-Positive_Cell_EnvelopeThe Gram stain is almost always the first step in the identification of a bacterial organism, and is the default stain performed by laboratories over a sample when no specific culture is referred. The...The Gram stain is almost always the first step in the identification of a bacterial organism, and is the default stain performed by laboratories over a sample when no specific culture is referred. There are instances, particularly in the streptococci, wherein teichoic acids have been implicated in the adherence of the bacteria to tissue surfaces and are thought to contribute to the pathogenicity of Gram-positive bacteria.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/03%3A_Microscopy/3.03%3A_Other_Types_of_Microscopy/3.3F%3A_Electron_MicroscopyElectron microscopy uses magnetic coils to direct a beam of electrons from a tungsten filament through a specimen and onto a monitor.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/02%3A_Chemistry/2.02%3A_Chemical_Bonds/2.2.03%3A_Hydrogen_BondingA hydrogen bond is a strong intermolecular force created by the relative positivity of hydrogen atoms.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/08%3A_Microbial_Evolution_Phylogeny_and_Diversity/8.02%3A_Astrobiology/8.2C%3A_Terraforming_MarsTerraforming Mars is the hypothetical idea that Mars could be altered in such a way to sustain human and terrestrial life forms.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/06%3A_Culturing_Microorganisms/6.03%3A_Culturing_Bacteria/6.3B%3A_Complex_and_Synthetic_MediaIn defined media all the chemical compounds are known, while undefined media has partially unknown chemical constituents.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/09%3A_Viruses/9.01%3A_Overview_of_Viruses/9.1B%3A_Nature_of_the_VirionVirions of most plant viruses are rod-shaped; the capsid is a naked cylinder (lacking a fatty membrane) within which lies a straight or helical rod of nucleic acid. After the virion binds to the surfa...Virions of most plant viruses are rod-shaped; the capsid is a naked cylinder (lacking a fatty membrane) within which lies a straight or helical rod of nucleic acid. After the virion binds to the surface of a specific host cell, its DNA or RNA is injected into the host cell and viral replication occurs, resulting in the spread of the infection to other host cells.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/08%3A_Microbial_Evolution_Phylogeny_and_Diversity/8.01%3A_Origins_of_Life/8.1C%3A_Unresolved_Questions_About_the_Origins_of_LifeTheoretical biologists can easily understand how a protocell can give rise to the life we see around us; however the question of how simple organic compounds can become the more complex constituents w...Theoretical biologists can easily understand how a protocell can give rise to the life we see around us; however the question of how simple organic compounds can become the more complex constituents we see in life is more difficult to explain. Several problems exist with current abiogenesis models, including a primordial earth with conditions not inductive to abiogenesis, the lack of a method for simple organic molecules to polymerize, and the mono-chirality of molecules seen in life.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/08%3A_Microbial_Evolution_Phylogeny_and_Diversity/8.11%3A_Other_Bacterial_Groups/8.11D%3A_Bacteroidetes_and_ChlorobiFigure: Green sulfur bacteria: An image of a green sulfur bacteria which is categorized under the Phlyum Chlorobi and shares a close relationship with bacteria in the Phlyum Bacteroidetes. The close r...Figure: Green sulfur bacteria: An image of a green sulfur bacteria which is categorized under the Phlyum Chlorobi and shares a close relationship with bacteria in the Phlyum Bacteroidetes. The close relationship between Phylum Bacteroidetes and Phylum Chlorobi are supported by comparative genomic analysis which indicates they are derived from a common ancestor based on unique molecular signatures and common proteins.