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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Botany/Botany_Lab_Manual_(Morrow)/03%3A_From_Prokaryotes_to_Eukaryotes/3.08%3A_Cell_Structures_and_OrganellesThis is because the majority of the cell is taken up by a large, liquid-filled structure called the central vacuole, surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast. The part of the onion that you will ...This is because the majority of the cell is taken up by a large, liquid-filled structure called the central vacuole, surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast. The part of the onion that you will be observing is the epidermis (outermost layer) of the leaf. Carefully peel off a section of the epidermis--not the pigmented side, but the paler side that faces the interior of the onion.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Introduction_to_Plant_Science_(Hochman_Adler)/05%3A_The_Plant_Cell/5.03%3A_Cell_wall_Vacuoles_and_PlasmodesmataTurgor pressure is the combined pressure of the cell and vacuoles wall that supports the shape of cell (Figure 3.1.4). They are easy to explain: animals do not photosynthesize (no chloroplasts), inste...Turgor pressure is the combined pressure of the cell and vacuoles wall that supports the shape of cell (Figure 3.1.4). They are easy to explain: animals do not photosynthesize (no chloroplasts), instead, they need to move quickly (no cell walls and plasmodesmata); animals will support the shape of cell from cytoskeleton (no need for vacuole turgor system) and use molecular pumps to counterpart the osmosis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Saint_Mary's_College_Notre_Dame_IN/Foundations_of_Form_and_Function/07%3A_Transport_and_Gas_Exchange/7.03%3A_Xylem_TransportMost plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. The path taken is: soil→roots→stems→leaves soil→roots→stems→leaves. The minerals travel dissolved in the water (often accompa...Most plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. The path taken is: soil→roots→stems→leaves soil→roots→stems→leaves. The minerals travel dissolved in the water (often accompanied by various organic molecules supplied by root cells), but less than 1% of the water reaching the leaves is used in photosynthesis and plant growth. Most of it is lost in transpiration, which serve two useful functions: providing the force for lifting the water up the stems and cools the leaves.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Map%3A_Raven_Biology_12th_Edition/36%3A_Transport_in_Plants/36.03%3A_Xylem_TransportMost plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. The path taken is: soil→roots→stems→leaves soil→roots→stems→leaves. The minerals travel dissolved in the water (often accompa...Most plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. The path taken is: soil→roots→stems→leaves soil→roots→stems→leaves. The minerals travel dissolved in the water (often accompanied by various organic molecules supplied by root cells), but less than 1% of the water reaching the leaves is used in photosynthesis and plant growth. Most of it is lost in transpiration, which serve two useful functions: providing the force for lifting the water up the stems and cools the leaves.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Norco_College/BIO_5%3A_General_Botany_(Friedrich_Finnern)/12%3A_Transport/12.01%3A_Water_TransportMost plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. The path taken is: soil→roots→stems→leaves. The minerals travel dissolved in the water (often accompanied by various organic mole...Most plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. The path taken is: soil→roots→stems→leaves. The minerals travel dissolved in the water (often accompanied by various organic molecules supplied by root cells), but less than 1% of the water reaching the leaves is used in photosynthesis and plant growth. Most of it is lost in transpiration, which serve two useful functions: providing the force for lifting the water up the stems and cools the leaves.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Botany/Botany_(Ha_Morrow_and_Algiers)/04%3A_Plant_Physiology_and_Regulation/4.05%3A_Transport/4.5.01%3A_Water_TransportMost plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. The path taken is: soil→roots→stems→leaves. The minerals travel dissolved in the water (often accompanied by various organic mole...Most plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. The path taken is: soil→roots→stems→leaves. The minerals travel dissolved in the water (often accompanied by various organic molecules supplied by root cells), but less than 1% of the water reaching the leaves is used in photosynthesis and plant growth. Most of it is lost in transpiration, which serve two useful functions: providing the force for lifting the water up the stems and cools the leaves.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Botany/Introduction_to_Botany_(Shipunov)/02%3A_Symbiogenesis_and_the_Plant_Cell/2.03%3A_Cell_wall_Vacuoles_and_PlasmodesmataPlant cells do not have well-developed internal cytoskeleton, but cell wall provides an external one. There are two kinds (or, better, two stages of development) of cell walls, the primary and the sec...Plant cells do not have well-developed internal cytoskeleton, but cell wall provides an external one. There are two kinds (or, better, two stages of development) of cell walls, the primary and the secondary. The primary cell wall is typically flexible, frequently thin and is made of cellulose, different carbohydrates and proteins. The secondary cell wall contains also lignin and highly hydrophobic suberin. These chemicals completely block the exchange between the cell and the environment.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/PLS_002%3A_Botany_and_physiology_of_cultivated_plants/11%3A_Plant_water_relations/11.05%3A_Water_TransportMost plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. The path taken is: soil→roots→stems→leaves. The minerals travel dissolved in the water (often accompanied by various organic mole...Most plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. The path taken is: soil→roots→stems→leaves. The minerals travel dissolved in the water (often accompanied by various organic molecules supplied by root cells), but less than 1% of the water reaching the leaves is used in photosynthesis and plant growth. Most of it is lost in transpiration, which serve two useful functions: providing the force for lifting the water up the stems and cools the leaves.
