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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_(Liu_et_al.)/18%3A_Disease_and_EpidemiologyJohn Snow (1813–1858), British physician and father of epidemiology. (b) Snow’s detailed mapping of cholera incidence led to the discovery of the contaminated water pump on Broad street (red square) r...John Snow (1813–1858), British physician and father of epidemiology. (b) Snow’s detailed mapping of cholera incidence led to the discovery of the contaminated water pump on Broad street (red square) responsible for the 1854 cholera epidemic. (credit a: modification of work by “Rsabbatini”/Wikimedia Commons)
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Monterey_Peninsula_College/Raskoff_Environmental_Science/08%3A_Environmental_Health_and_Toxicology/8.01%3A_The_Impacts_of_Environmental_ConditionsOur industrialized society dumps huge amounts of pollutants and toxic wastes into the earth’s biosphere without fully considering the consequences. Such actions seriously degrade the health of the ear...Our industrialized society dumps huge amounts of pollutants and toxic wastes into the earth’s biosphere without fully considering the consequences. Such actions seriously degrade the health of the earth’s ecosystems, and this degradation ultimately affects the health and well-being of human populations.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_2e_(OpenStax)/05%3A_Unit_V-_Biological_Diversity/5.03%3A_Protists/5.3.05%3A_Ecology_of_ProtistsProtists function in various ecological niches. Whereas some protist species are essential components of the food chain and generators of biomass, others function in the decomposition of organic mater...Protists function in various ecological niches. Whereas some protist species are essential components of the food chain and generators of biomass, others function in the decomposition of organic materials. Still other protists are dangerous human pathogens or causative agents of devastating plant diseases.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_1e_(OpenStax)/5%3A_Biological_Diversity/23%3A_Protists/23.4%3A_Ecology_of_ProtistsProtists function in various ecological niches. Whereas some protist species are essential components of the food chain and generators of biomass, others function in the decomposition of organic mater...Protists function in various ecological niches. Whereas some protist species are essential components of the food chain and generators of biomass, others function in the decomposition of organic materials. Still other protists are dangerous human pathogens or causative agents of devastating plant diseases.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/15%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/15.04%3A_Immune_System/15.4Q%3A_Innate_ImmunityThis page explains how multicellular organisms use innate and adaptive immunity to combat pathogens. Innate immunity, found in all metazoans, provides immediate, non-specific defense through germline-...This page explains how multicellular organisms use innate and adaptive immunity to combat pathogens. Innate immunity, found in all metazoans, provides immediate, non-specific defense through germline-encoded receptors, while adaptive immunity, unique to vertebrates, involves specific responses with memory. It highlights immune cells, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and the role of adjuvants in enhancing vaccine responses.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_(Liu_et_al.)/20%3A_Innate_Immunity_1The nonspecific innate immune response provides a first line of defense that can often prevent infections from gaining a solid foothold in the body. These defenses are described as nonspecific because...The nonspecific innate immune response provides a first line of defense that can often prevent infections from gaining a solid foothold in the body. These defenses are described as nonspecific because they do not target any specific pathogen; rather, they defend against a wide range of potential pathogens. They are called innate because they are built-in mechanisms of the human organism.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/BIOL-11B_Clovis_Community_College/04%3A_Protists/4.04%3A_Ecology_of_ProtistsPrior to the civil war, and the drainage of many swamps, virtually everyone who immigrated to Michigan picked up malaria (ague as it was called in the late 1800s), and the pale, sallow, bloated faces ...Prior to the civil war, and the drainage of many swamps, virtually everyone who immigrated to Michigan picked up malaria (ague as it was called in the late 1800s), and the pale, sallow, bloated faces of that period were the rule. In about 30 percent of cases, however, the trypanosome causes further damage, especially to the heart and digestive system tissues in the chronic phase of infection, leading to malnutrition and heart failure due to abnormal heart rhythms.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Botany/Virginia_Cooperative_Extension_Gardener_Handbook/04%3A_Plant_PathologyThis page discusses the historical impact, diagnosis, and management of plant diseases caused primarily by fungi. It includes symptoms like chlorosis and signs such as mildew and rust, alongside their...This page discusses the historical impact, diagnosis, and management of plant diseases caused primarily by fungi. It includes symptoms like chlorosis and signs such as mildew and rust, alongside their causes including viruses and environmental factors. Effective management relies on a susceptible host, active pathogens, and suitable environments, utilizing strategies like crop rotation and sanitation practices.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/19%3A_The_Diversity_of_Life/19.02%3A_Microbes/19.2A%3A_BacteriaThis page summarizes the characteristics and classifications of bacteria, highlighting their prokaryotic nature, reproduction methods, and the significance of their cell wall structure as discerned th...This page summarizes the characteristics and classifications of bacteria, highlighting their prokaryotic nature, reproduction methods, and the significance of their cell wall structure as discerned through Gram staining. It details notable pathogens, including Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni, linked to human illnesses.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Norco_College/OpenStax_Biology_2e_for_Norco_College/23%3A_Protists/23.05%3A_Ecology_of_ProtistsProtists function in various ecological niches. Whereas some protist species are essential components of the food chain and generators of biomass, others function in the decomposition of organic mater...Protists function in various ecological niches. Whereas some protist species are essential components of the food chain and generators of biomass, others function in the decomposition of organic materials. Still other protists are dangerous human pathogens or causative agents of devastating plant diseases.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/15%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/15.04%3A_Immune_System/15.4W%3A_VaccinesThis page discusses vaccination established by Edward Jenner, which involves using dead or weakened pathogens to stimulate the immune system. It details various vaccine types and their roles against d...This page discusses vaccination established by Edward Jenner, which involves using dead or weakened pathogens to stimulate the immune system. It details various vaccine types and their roles against diseases like diphtheria, polio, and hepatitis, highlighting success in eradicating smallpox. The text notes ongoing challenges against polio and viruses like HIV-1, while introducing the potential of DNA vaccines that can elicit robust immune responses.
