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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Mansfield_University_of_Pennsylvania/BSC_3271%3A_Microbiology_for_Health_Sciences_Sp21_(Kagle)/14%3A_Immunology/14.01%3A_Innate_Nonspecific_Host_Defenses/14.1.02%3A_Chemical_DefensesNumerous chemical mediators produced endogenously and exogenously exhibit nonspecific antimicrobial functions. Many chemical mediators are found in body fluids such as sebum, saliva, mucus, gastric an...Numerous chemical mediators produced endogenously and exogenously exhibit nonspecific antimicrobial functions. Many chemical mediators are found in body fluids such as sebum, saliva, mucus, gastric and intestinal fluids, urine, tears, cerumen, and vaginal secretions. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) found on the skin and in other areas of the body are largely produced in response to the presence of pathogens. These include dermcidin, cathelicidin, defensins, histatins, and bacteriocins.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Portland_Community_College/Cascade_Microbiology/12%3A_Specific_Adaptive_Host_Defenses/12.1%3A_Architecture_of_the_Immune_SystemThe two ‘arms’ of the Y-shaped antibody molecule are known as the Fab region, for “fragment of antigen binding.” The far end of the Fab region is the variable region, which serves as the site of antig...The two ‘arms’ of the Y-shaped antibody molecule are known as the Fab region, for “fragment of antigen binding.” The far end of the Fab region is the variable region, which serves as the site of antigen binding. Although the location of the J chain relative to the Fc regions of the five monomers prevents IgM from performing some of the functions of IgG, the ten available Fab sites associated with a pentameric IgM make it an important antibody in the body’s arsenal of defenses.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Map%3A_Raven_Biology_12th_Edition/50%3A_The_Immune_System/50.01%3A_Innate_ImmunityThe immune system comprises both innate and adaptive immune responses. Innate immunity occurs naturally because of genetic factors or physiology; it is not induced by infection or vaccination but work...The immune system comprises both innate and adaptive immune responses. Innate immunity occurs naturally because of genetic factors or physiology; it is not induced by infection or vaccination but works to reduce the workload for the adaptive immune response. Both the innate and adaptive levels of the immune response involve secreted proteins, receptor-mediated signaling, and intricate cell-to-cell communication.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Mansfield_University_of_Pennsylvania/BSC_3271%3A_Microbiology_for_Health_Sciences_Sp21_(Kagle)/14%3A_Immunology/14.02%3A_Specific_Adaptive_Host_Defenses/14.2.01%3A_Architecture_of_the_Immune_SystemThe two ‘arms’ of the Y-shaped antibody molecule are known as the Fab region, for “fragment of antigen binding.” The far end of the Fab region is the variable region, which serves as the site of antig...The two ‘arms’ of the Y-shaped antibody molecule are known as the Fab region, for “fragment of antigen binding.” The far end of the Fab region is the variable region, which serves as the site of antigen binding. Although the location of the J chain relative to the Fc regions of the five monomers prevents IgM from performing some of the functions of IgG, the ten available Fab sites associated with a pentameric IgM make it an important antibody in the body’s arsenal of defenses.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_(Liu_et_al.)/22%3A_Adaptive_Immunity_I/22.04%3A_Antigen-Antibody_InteractionsThis page outlines the five key functions of antibodies in immune defense: neutralization (preventing pathogen attachment), opsonization (marking pathogens for phagocytosis), agglutination (clumping p...This page outlines the five key functions of antibodies in immune defense: neutralization (preventing pathogen attachment), opsonization (marking pathogens for phagocytosis), agglutination (clumping pathogens for clearance), complement activation (promoting inflammation and recruiting phagocytes), and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), where NK cells target larger pathogens.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_(Liu_et_al.)/20%3A_Innate_Immunity_1/20.04%3A_Chemical_Defenses_-_Antimicrobial_Peptides_(AMP)_and_Plasma_Protein_MediatorsThis page discusses antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as defensins and bacteriocins, which possess broad-spectrum properties against microorganisms. It highlights their various mechanisms of action ...This page discusses antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as defensins and bacteriocins, which possess broad-spectrum properties against microorganisms. It highlights their various mechanisms of action against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Additionally, it mentions antimicrobial proteins in plasma, particularly acute-phase proteins like C-reactive protein and ferritin, which are vital for the innate immune response and aid in inhibiting pathogen growth and promoting phagocytosis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/15%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/15.04%3A_Immune_System/15.4R%3A_The_Complement_SystemThis page discusses the interaction between antibodies and antigens, crucial for activating the complement system, which consists of about 30 proteins that aid immune responses. The classical pathway ...This page discusses the interaction between antibodies and antigens, crucial for activating the complement system, which consists of about 30 proteins that aid immune responses. The classical pathway starts with antibody binding, activating C1 and forming C3 convertase. The alternative pathway activates complement without antibodies.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/PGCC_Microbiology/06%3A_Immunology/6.02%3A_Non-Adaptive_ImmunityNumerous chemical mediators produced endogenously and exogenously exhibit nonspecific antimicrobial functions. Many chemical mediators are found in body fluids such as sebum, saliva, mucus, gastric an...Numerous chemical mediators produced endogenously and exogenously exhibit nonspecific antimicrobial functions. Many chemical mediators are found in body fluids such as sebum, saliva, mucus, gastric and intestinal fluids, urine, tears, cerumen, and vaginal secretions. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) found on the skin and in other areas of the body are largely produced in response to the presence of pathogens. These include dermcidin, cathelicidin, defensins, histatins, and bacteriocins.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/14%3A_Specific_Adaptive_Host_Defenses/14.01%3A_Architecture_of_the_Immune_SystemAdaptive immunity is defined by two important characteristics: specificity and memory. Specificity refers to the adaptive immune system’s ability to target specific pathogens, and memory refers to its...Adaptive immunity is defined by two important characteristics: specificity and memory. Specificity refers to the adaptive immune system’s ability to target specific pathogens, and memory refers to its ability to quickly respond to pathogens to which it has previously been exposed. For example, when an individual recovers from chickenpox, the body develops a memory of the infection that will specifically protect it from the causative agent if it is exposed to the virus again later.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Folsom_Lake_College/BIOL_440%3A_General_Microbiology_(Panoutsopoulos)/06%3A_The_Immune_System_Nonspecific_and_Specific_Defenses/6.03%3A_Specific_Adaptive_Host_Defenses/6.3.01%3A_Architecture_of_the_Immune_SystemAdaptive immunity is defined by two important characteristics: specificity and memory. Specificity refers to the adaptive immune system’s ability to target specific pathogens, and memory refers to its...Adaptive immunity is defined by two important characteristics: specificity and memory. Specificity refers to the adaptive immune system’s ability to target specific pathogens, and memory refers to its ability to quickly respond to pathogens to which it has previously been exposed. For example, when an individual recovers from chickenpox, the body develops a memory of the infection that will specifically protect it from the causative agent if it is exposed to the virus again later.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Folsom_Lake_College/BIOL_440%3A_General_Microbiology_(Panoutsopoulos)/06%3A_The_Immune_System_Nonspecific_and_Specific_Defenses/6.02%3A_Innate_Nonspecific_Host_Defenses/6.2.02%3A_Chemical_DefensesNumerous chemical mediators produced endogenously and exogenously exhibit nonspecific antimicrobial functions. Many chemical mediators are found in body fluids such as sebum, saliva, mucus, gastric an...Numerous chemical mediators produced endogenously and exogenously exhibit nonspecific antimicrobial functions. Many chemical mediators are found in body fluids such as sebum, saliva, mucus, gastric and intestinal fluids, urine, tears, cerumen, and vaginal secretions. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) found on the skin and in other areas of the body are largely produced in response to the presence of pathogens. These include dermcidin, cathelicidin, defensins, histatins, and bacteriocins.
