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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_-_Molecules_to_Cell/17%3A_Spring_2024_Bis2A_Namekawa_Igo/17.54%3A_Spring_2024_Bis2A_Igo_Lecture_Reading_08The models of the proteins should include annotation/shading or other way of indicating the types of amino acid functional groups you might expect to see in (a) the exterior of the protein in contact ...The models of the proteins should include annotation/shading or other way of indicating the types of amino acid functional groups you might expect to see in (a) the exterior of the protein in contact with the lipid bilayer, (b) the regions of the exterior part of the protein that interact with the lipid polar groups, and (c) some attempt to illustrate the types of residues one might expect to find in the core of the protein depending on substrate being transported.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_-_Molecules_to_Cell/17%3A_Spring_2024_Bis2A_Namekawa_Igo/17.60%3A_Spring_2024_Bis2A_Igo_Reading_10What are they made of, and how do you expect them to behave and interact with the molecules they encounter?; ME.42 Explain in detail how an electron transport chain (ETC) can harvest usable "cellular ...What are they made of, and how do you expect them to behave and interact with the molecules they encounter?; ME.42 Explain in detail how an electron transport chain (ETC) can harvest usable "cellular energy" by coupling a series of sequential exergonic redox transfers to the active transport of protons across the membrane from low to high concentration (endergonic work).; ME.38 Compare and contrast the roles of protons and electrons in the electron transport chain (ETC).; ME.36 Justify the prot…
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_-_Molecules_to_Cell/16%3A_Winter_2024_Bis2A_Facciotti/16.13%3A_Winter_2024_Bis2A_Facciotti_Reading_09The models of the proteins should include annotation/shading or other way of indicating the types of amino acid functional groups you might expect to see in (a) the exterior of the protein in contact ...The models of the proteins should include annotation/shading or other way of indicating the types of amino acid functional groups you might expect to see in (a) the exterior of the protein in contact with the lipid bilayer, (b) the regions of the exterior part of the protein that interact with the lipid polar groups, and (c) some attempt to illustrate the types of residues one might expect to find in the core of the protein depending on substrate being transported.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_-_Molecules_to_Cell/17%3A_Spring_2024_Bis2A_Namekawa_Igo/17.64%3A_Winter_2024_Bis2A_Facciotti_Reading_11The difference in the reduction potential for the reaction (∆E 0 ’), can be calculated by taking the difference between the E 0 ’ for the oxidant (the compound getting the electrons and causing the ox...The difference in the reduction potential for the reaction (∆E 0 ’), can be calculated by taking the difference between the E 0 ’ for the oxidant (the compound getting the electrons and causing the oxidation of the other compound) and the reductant (the compound losing the electrons).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_-_Molecules_to_Cell/16%3A_Winter_2024_Bis2A_Facciotti/16.28%3A_Winter_2024_Bis2A_Facciotti_Reading_23The CEC binds to the RNA polymerase very early in transcription and carries out a modification of the 5' triphosphate, the subsequent transfer of at GTP to this end (connecting the two nucleotides usi...The CEC binds to the RNA polymerase very early in transcription and carries out a modification of the 5' triphosphate, the subsequent transfer of at GTP to this end (connecting the two nucleotides using a unique 5'-to-5' linkage), the methylation of the newly transferred guanine, and in some transcripts the additional modifications to the first few nucleotides.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_-_Molecules_to_Cell/18%3A_SS1_2024_Bis2A_Singer/18.06%3A_SS1_2024_Bis2A_Singer_CytoskeletonCilia are short, hair-like structures that are used to move entire cells (such as paramecia) or substances along the outer surface of the cell (for example, the cilia of cells lining the fallopian tub...Cilia are short, hair-like structures that are used to move entire cells (such as paramecia) or substances along the outer surface of the cell (for example, the cilia of cells lining the fallopian tubes that move the ovum toward the uterus, or cilia lining the cells of the respiratory tract that trap particulate matter and move it toward your nostrils.) When cilia are present, there can be many of them, extending along the entire surface of the plasma membrane.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_-_Molecules_to_Cell/18%3A_SS1_2024_Bis2A_Singer/18.12%3A_SS1_2024_Bis2A_Singer_Energy_in_Biological_SystemsAt whatever level of detail, if we want to create a story describing this process we know that: (a) the description must include an accounting for what happened to the matter in the system (this inclu...At whatever level of detail, if we want to create a story describing this process we know that: (a) the description must include an accounting for what happened to the matter in the system (this includes the change in the position of the molecules making up the various parts of the arm and the fuel “burned” to move it) and (b) that some fuel was burned to start the movement and therefore, that any description of the process must also include an accounting change in the energy of the system . In…
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_-_Molecules_to_Cell/18%3A_SS1_2024_Bis2A_Singer/18.28%3A_SS1_2024_Bis2A_Singer_Regulation_of_Gene_Expression_IIThis releases part of the protein from the DNA to activate the transcription initiation complex and places RNA polymerase in the correct orientation to begin transcription; DNA-bending protein brings ...This releases part of the protein from the DNA to activate the transcription initiation complex and places RNA polymerase in the correct orientation to begin transcription; DNA-bending protein brings the enhancer, which can be quite a distance from the gene, in contact with transcription factors and mediator proteins.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_-_Molecules_to_Cell/18%3A_SS1_2024_Bis2A_Singer/18.27%3A_SS1_2024_Bis2A_Singer_Regulation_of_Gene_Expression_IIn the examples above, the binding of an effector molecule to a transcription factor could have one of two different effects: (1) binding of the effector molecule could induce a DNA-bound transcriptio...In the examples above, the binding of an effector molecule to a transcription factor could have one of two different effects: (1) binding of the effector molecule could induce a DNA-bound transcription factor to release from its binding site, derepressing a promoter, and "turning on" gene expression. (2) binding of the effector molecule to the transcription factor could induce the TF to bind to its DNA binding site, repressing transcription, and "turning off" gene expression.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_-_Molecules_to_Cell/10%3A_W_2022_Bis2A_Igo/10.21%3A_W_2022_Bis2a_Igo_Reading_21The coupling of these two processes, and even mRNA degradation, is facilitated not only because transcription and translation happen in the same compartment but also because both of the processes happ...The coupling of these two processes, and even mRNA degradation, is facilitated not only because transcription and translation happen in the same compartment but also because both of the processes happen in the same direction - synthesis of the RNA transcript happens in the 5' to 3' direction and translation reads the transcript in the 5' to 3' direction.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_-_Molecules_to_Cell/16%3A_Winter_2024_Bis2A_Facciotti/16.23%3A_Winter_2024_Bis2A_Facciotti_Reading_19Because DNA polymerase can add nucleotides in only one direction (5' to 3'), the leading strand allows for continuous synthesis until the end of the chromosome is reached; however, as the replication ...Because DNA polymerase can add nucleotides in only one direction (5' to 3'), the leading strand allows for continuous synthesis until the end of the chromosome is reached; however, as the replication complex arrives at the end of the lagging strand there is no place for the primase to "land" and synthesize an RNA primer so that the synthesis of the missing lagging strand DNA fragment at the end of the chromosome can be initiated by the DNA polymerase.
