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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/03%3A_The_Cellular_Basis_of_LifeThis page offers a detailed overview of cell structures and functions, comparing animal and plant cells. It covers key components such as the plasma membrane, nucleus, and organelles involved in prote...This page offers a detailed overview of cell structures and functions, comparing animal and plant cells. It covers key components such as the plasma membrane, nucleus, and organelles involved in protein synthesis, as well as the cytoskeleton and various tissue types. The text also addresses cell junctions, apoptosis, chloroplasts, types of chlorophyll, and cellular transport mechanisms like diffusion, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/03%3A_The_Cellular_Basis_of_Life/3.05%3A_Endoplasmic_ReticulumThis page discusses the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a membrane-bound structure essential for producing cell membranes, lipids, and proteins. It features two types: rough ER (RER), which is involved in...This page discusses the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a membrane-bound structure essential for producing cell membranes, lipids, and proteins. It features two types: rough ER (RER), which is involved in protein synthesis due to its ribosome presence, and smooth ER (SER), which specializes in lipid production and protein transport to the Golgi apparatus. SER is particularly significant in specific cells, such as those in the adrenal glands and liver.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Cell_and_Molecular_Biology/Fundamentals_of_Cell_Biology_(Dalton_and_Young)/04%3A_The_Endomembrane_System/4.01%3A_The_Endoplasmic_ReticulumThis page covers the endomembrane system's role in protein processing, lipid synthesis, and signaling. It highlights the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as crucial for protein targeting, folding, and post-...This page covers the endomembrane system's role in protein processing, lipid synthesis, and signaling. It highlights the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as crucial for protein targeting, folding, and post-translational modifications, with chaperone proteins preventing misfolding and relevant diseases. The text describes protein insertion mechanisms in the ER based on specific sequences, detailing the importance of transmembrane regions and bioinformatics in mapping protein domains and their functions
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/New_England_College/Microbiology_with_NEC/04%3A_The_Eukaryotes_of_Microbiology/4.01%3A_Characteristics_of_Eukaryotic_CellsEukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus containing the DNA genome and bound by a nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope) composed of two lipid bilayers that regulate transport of mate...Eukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus containing the DNA genome and bound by a nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope) composed of two lipid bilayers that regulate transport of materials into and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores. Eukaryotic cell morphologies vary greatly and may be maintained by various structures, including the cytoskeleton, the cell membrane, and/or the cell wall The nucleolus in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is the site of ribosomal synthesis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/BIOL_440%3A_General_Microbiology_(Hughes)/03%3A_Week_3/05%3A_The_Cell/5.04%3A_Unique_Characteristics_of_Eukaryotic_CellsEukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus containing the DNA genome and bound by a nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope) composed of two lipid bilayers that regulate transport of mate...Eukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus containing the DNA genome and bound by a nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope) composed of two lipid bilayers that regulate transport of materials into and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores. Eukaryotic cell morphologies vary greatly and may be maintained by various structures, including the cytoskeleton, the cell membrane, and/or the cell wall The nucleolus in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is the site of ribosomal synthesis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/03%3A_The_Cellular_Basis_of_Life/3.10%3A_The_ProteasomeThis page discusses the importance of protein degradation alongside synthesis, highlighting the roles of lysosomes and proteasomes. Lysosomes degrade extracellular proteins from endocytosis, while pro...This page discusses the importance of protein degradation alongside synthesis, highlighting the roles of lysosomes and proteasomes. Lysosomes degrade extracellular proteins from endocytosis, while proteasomes target intracellular proteins using a ubiquitin tagging system. This degradation process recycles amino acids and aids in antigen processing for immune response, involving complexes that present antigens to T cells.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(OpenStax)/03%3A_The_Cell/3.04%3A_Unique_Characteristics_of_Eukaryotic_CellsEukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus containing the DNA genome and bound by a nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope) composed of two lipid bilayers that regulate transport of mate...Eukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus containing the DNA genome and bound by a nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope) composed of two lipid bilayers that regulate transport of materials into and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores. Eukaryotic cell morphologies vary greatly and may be maintained by various structures, including the cytoskeleton, the cell membrane, and/or the cell wall. The nucleolus in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is the site of ribosomal synthesis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Portland_Community_College/Cascade_Microbiology/03%3A_The_Cell/3.4%3A_Unique_Characteristics_of_Eukaryotic_CellsEukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus containing the DNA genome and bound by a nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope) composed of two lipid bilayers that regulate transport of mate...Eukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus containing the DNA genome and bound by a nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope) composed of two lipid bilayers that regulate transport of materials into and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores. Eukaryotic cell morphologies vary greatly and may be maintained by various structures, including the cytoskeleton, the cell membrane, and/or the cell wall The nucleolus in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is the site of ribosomal synthesis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/03%3A_The_Cellular_Basis_of_Life/3.08%3A_Lysosomes_and_PeroxisomesThis page discusses the role of organelles in cells, specifically focusing on lysosomes and peroxisomes. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and maintain acidity to prevent self-digestion, while also ...This page discusses the role of organelles in cells, specifically focusing on lysosomes and peroxisomes. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and maintain acidity to prevent self-digestion, while also being involved in waste disposal; deficiencies can lead to lysosomal storage diseases. Peroxisomes are responsible for fatty acid breakdown and detoxifying hydrogen peroxide, with disorders such as X-ALD and Zellweger syndrome resulting from malfunctions.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/North_Central_State_College/BIOL_1550%3A_Microbiology_(2025)/05%3A_The_Cell/5.01%3A_Unique_Characteristics_of_Eukaryotic_CellsEukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus containing the DNA genome and bound by a nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope) composed of two lipid bilayers that regulate transport of mate...Eukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus containing the DNA genome and bound by a nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope) composed of two lipid bilayers that regulate transport of materials into and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores. Eukaryotic cell morphologies vary greatly and may be maintained by various structures, including the cytoskeleton, the cell membrane, and/or the cell wall. The nucleolus in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is the site of ribosomal synthesis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/04%3A_Cell_Structure_of_Bacteria_Archaea_and_Eukaryotes/4.08%3A_Other_Eukaryotic_Components/4.8B%3A_LysosomesFigure: Lysosomes digest foreign substances that might harm the cell: A macrophage has engulfed (phagocytized) a potentially pathogenic bacterium and then fuses with a lysosomes within the cell to des...Figure: Lysosomes digest foreign substances that might harm the cell: A macrophage has engulfed (phagocytized) a potentially pathogenic bacterium and then fuses with a lysosomes within the cell to destroy the pathogen. The membrane is a crucial aspect of its structure because without it the enzymes within the lysosome that are used to breakdown foreign substances would leak out and digest the entire cell, causing it to die.
