Geochemistry is the study of the composition and chemical changes that take place on the Earth and within its major divisions: the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Environmental ch...Geochemistry is the study of the composition and chemical changes that take place on the Earth and within its major divisions: the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Environmental chemistry focuses more specifically on the transport of substances within and between these geospheres and their subdivisions, with special emphasis on the effects brought about by the activities of humans.