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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/03%3A_The_Cellular_Basis_of_Life/3.03%3A_The_NucleusThis page details the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, emphasizing its dual-membraned nuclear envelope and chromosome organization. It discusses the roles of chromatin, histones, and their modifications i...This page details the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, emphasizing its dual-membraned nuclear envelope and chromosome organization. It discusses the roles of chromatin, histones, and their modifications in gene expression, alongside the distinctions between euchromatin and heterochromatin. The nucleolus is identified as crucial for ribosomal RNA synthesis, vital for ribosome assembly.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/07%3A_Cell_Division/7.01%3A_ChromosomesThis page discusses the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes, highlighting their composition of DNA and histones, visibility during mitosis as dyads, and features like centromeres and kinetochores. It ...This page discusses the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes, highlighting their composition of DNA and histones, visibility during mitosis as dyads, and features like centromeres and kinetochores. It notes the significance of karyotypes and their role in identifying chromosomal abnormalities like trisomy, which can lead to conditions such as Down syndrome. Additionally, it mentions fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as a technique for locating specific genes within chromosomes.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/07%3A_Cell_Division/7.03%3A_MitosisThis page addresses the complexities of DNA separation during cell division, highlighting an illustration of a single human chromosome's DNA. It notes that only a small portion of the chromosome is de...This page addresses the complexities of DNA separation during cell division, highlighting an illustration of a single human chromosome's DNA. It notes that only a small portion of the chromosome is depicted, emphasizing the overall challenge with all 46 chromosomes. The solution involves duplicating chromosomes in the S phase to create dyads, condensing them for easier separation through ATP and condensin proteins, and ensuring even distribution of sister chromatids to daughter cells.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/08%3A_Nucleotides_and_Nucleic_Acids/8.04%3A_Chromosomes_and_ChromatinThis page thoroughly explores the structural and functional aspects of chromosomes and chromatin, tailored for junior and senior biochemistry majors. It covers chromosomal architecture, chromatin stru...This page thoroughly explores the structural and functional aspects of chromosomes and chromatin, tailored for junior and senior biochemistry majors. It covers chromosomal architecture, chromatin structure and components, regulation of gene expression, and the dynamic nature of chromatin. Key topics include differences between euchromatin and heterochromatin, DNA packaging via histones and nucleosomes, supercoiling, and telomere biology.
