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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Portland_Community_College/Cascade_Microbiology/09%3A_Mechanisms_of_Microbial_Genetics/9.4%3A_Protein_Synthesis_(Translation)The synthesis of proteins consumes more of a cell’s energy than any other metabolic process. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other macromolecule of living organisms. They perform virt...The synthesis of proteins consumes more of a cell’s energy than any other metabolic process. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other macromolecule of living organisms. They perform virtually every function of a cell, serving as both functional (e.g., enzymes) and structural elements. The process of translation, or protein synthesis, the second part of gene expression, involves the decoding by a ribosome of an mRNA message into a polypeptide product.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Map%3A_Raven_Biology_12th_Edition/15%3A_Genes_and_How_They_Work/15.07%3A_The_Process_of_TranslationThe synthesis of proteins is one of a cell’s most energy-consuming metabolic processes. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other component of living organisms (with the exception of wate...The synthesis of proteins is one of a cell’s most energy-consuming metabolic processes. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other component of living organisms (with the exception of water), and proteins perform a wide variety of the functions of a cell. The process of translation, or protein synthesis, involves decoding an mRNA message into a polypeptide product. Amino acids are covalently strung together in lengths ranging from approximately 50 amino acids to more than 1,000.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Folsom_Lake_College/BIOL_310%3A_General_Biology_(Wada)/05%3A_DNA_DNA_Technology/5.01%3A_Molecular_Biology/5.1.04%3A_TranslationThe synthesis of proteins is one of a cell’s most energy-consuming metabolic processes. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other component of living organisms (with the exception of wate...The synthesis of proteins is one of a cell’s most energy-consuming metabolic processes. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other component of living organisms (with the exception of water), and proteins perform a wide variety of the functions of a cell. The process of translation, or protein synthesis, involves decoding an mRNA message into a polypeptide product. Amino acids are covalently strung together in lengths ranging from approximately 50 amino acids to more than 1,000.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/06%3A_DNA_and_Protein_Synthesis/6.05%3A_Genetic_CodeThe genetic code consists of the sequence of nitrogen bases in a polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA. The bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) (or uracil, U, in RNA). The f...The genetic code consists of the sequence of nitrogen bases in a polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA. The bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) (or uracil, U, in RNA). The four bases make up the "letters" of the genetic code. The letters are combined in groups of three to form code "words," called codons. Each codon stands for (encodes) one amino acid, unless it codes for a start or stop signal. There are 20 common amino acids in proteins.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Genetics/Genetics_Agriculture_and_Biotechnology_(Suza_and_Lee)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/21%3A_Appendix_1%3A_Codon_TableThe axis on the left side refers to the first letter of the codon, so we find C along the left axis. The row and column from steps 1 and 2 intersect in a set of boxes in the codon table, one half cont...The axis on the left side refers to the first letter of the codon, so we find C along the left axis. The row and column from steps 1 and 2 intersect in a set of boxes in the codon table, one half containing four codons and the other half containing the mapped amino acid(s). If you want to use the structure of the table to the maximum, however, you can use the third axis (on the right side of the table) corresponding to the intersect box.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Canada_College/Human_Biology_Biol_011_Textbook/06%3A_DNA_and_Protein_Synthesis/6.05%3A_Genetic_CodeThe genetic code consists of the sequence of nitrogen bases in a polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA. The bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) (or uracil, U, in RNA). The f...The genetic code consists of the sequence of nitrogen bases in a polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA. The bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) (or uracil, U, in RNA). The four bases make up the "letters" of the genetic code. The letters are combined in groups of three to form code "words," called codons. Each codon stands for (encodes) one amino acid, unless it codes for a start or stop signal. There are 20 common amino acids in proteins.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Coastline_College/Book-_Cells_-_Molecules_and_Mechanisms_(Wong)/13%3A_Translation/13.04%3A_The_Genetic_CodeWe have blithely described the purpose of the DNA chromosomes as carrying the information for building the proteins of the cell, and the RNA as the intermediary for doing so. Exactly how is it, though...We have blithely described the purpose of the DNA chromosomes as carrying the information for building the proteins of the cell, and the RNA as the intermediary for doing so. Exactly how is it, though, that a molecule made up of just four different nucleotides joined together (albeit thousands and even thousands of thousands of them), can tell the cell which of twenty-odd amino acids to string together to form a functional protein?
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/Bio_11A_-_Introduction_to_Biology_I/19%3A_Transcription/19.02%3A_The_Genetic_CodeThis flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the Central Dogma (Figure \PageIndex1), which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn...This flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the Central Dogma (Figure \PageIndex1), which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of proteins. For example, the codon UUU will always cause the insertion of the amino acid phenylalanine (Phe), while the codon UUA will cause the insertion of leucine (Leu).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/Modern_Genetics/07%3A_Molecular_Genetics_I_-_Molecular_Biology_of_Gene_Expression/7.01%3A_The_Genetic_CodeThis flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the Central Dogma (Figure \PageIndex1), which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn...This flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the Central Dogma (Figure \PageIndex1), which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of proteins. For example, the codon UUU will always cause the insertion of the amino acid phenylalanine (Phe), while the codon UUA will cause the insertion of leucine (Leu).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Biochemistry)/2%3A_Bacteria/2.4%3A_Central_Dogma_and_the_Genetic_CodeMessenger RNA (mRNA) encodes the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a sequence of bases that specifices a sequence of amino acids The process by which the information contained within ...Messenger RNA (mRNA) encodes the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a sequence of bases that specifices a sequence of amino acids The process by which the information contained within a mRNA is used to direct the synthesis of the corresponding polypeptide. Although, there are obviously going to be a lot of codons "left over". Most amino acids are coded for by more than a single unique triplet, and therefore the genetic code is said to be degenerate.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_OER_-_Ying_Liu/13%3A_DNA_Replication_Transcription_and_Translation/13.04%3A_Protein_Synthesis_(Translation)The synthesis of proteins consumes more of a cell’s energy than any other metabolic process. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other macromolecule of living organisms. They perform virt...The synthesis of proteins consumes more of a cell’s energy than any other metabolic process. In turn, proteins account for more mass than any other macromolecule of living organisms. They perform virtually every function of a cell, serving as both functional (e.g., enzymes) and structural elements. The process of translation, or protein synthesis, the second part of gene expression, involves the decoding by a ribosome of an mRNA message into a polypeptide product.
