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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Folsom_Lake_College/BIOL_440%3A_General_Microbiology_(Panoutsopoulos)/05%3A_Interactions_between_Microbes_and_Humans_and_Antimicrobial_Treatment/5.02%3A_Bacterial_PathogenicityA microbe that is capable of causing disease is referred to as a pathogen, while the organism being infected is called a host. The ability to cause disease is referred to as pathogenicity, with pathog...A microbe that is capable of causing disease is referred to as a pathogen, while the organism being infected is called a host. The ability to cause disease is referred to as pathogenicity, with pathogens varying in their ability. An opportunistic pathogen is a microbe that typically infects a host that is compromised in some way, either by a weakened immune system or breach to the body’s natural defenses, such as a wound. The measurement of pathogenicity is called virulence.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Portland_Community_College/Cascade_Microbiology/14%3A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity/14.3%3A_Bacterial_Virulence_FactorsVirulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the m...Virulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/14%3A_Pathogenicity/14.04%3A_Damaging_Host_Cells/14.4A%3A_ToxinsToxins are poisonous substances produced within living cells or organisms and can include various classes of small molecules or proteins that cause disease on contact. The severity and type of disease...Toxins are poisonous substances produced within living cells or organisms and can include various classes of small molecules or proteins that cause disease on contact. The severity and type of diseases caused by toxins can range from minor effects to deadly effects. The organisms which are capable of producing toxins include bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants. Some of the major types of toxins include, but are not limited to, environmental, marine, and microbial toxins.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Clinton_College/BIO_403%3A_Microbiology_(Neely)/05%3A_Interactions_between_Microbes_and_Humans_and_Antimicrobial_Treatment/5.02%3A_Bacterial_PathogenicityA microbe that is capable of causing disease is referred to as a pathogen, while the organism being infected is called a host. The ability to cause disease is referred to as pathogenicity, with pathog...A microbe that is capable of causing disease is referred to as a pathogen, while the organism being infected is called a host. The ability to cause disease is referred to as pathogenicity, with pathogens varying in their ability. An opportunistic pathogen is a microbe that typically infects a host that is compromised in some way, either by a weakened immune system or breach to the body’s natural defenses, such as a wound. The measurement of pathogenicity is called virulence.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(OpenStax)/15%3A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity/15.03%3A_Virulence_FactorsVirulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the m...Virulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_(Liu_et_al.)/17%3A_Pathogenicity_and_Virulence_Factors/17.03%3A_Bacterial_Virulence_Factors-_ToxinsThis page discusses bacterial toxins, detailing endotoxins and exotoxins. Endotoxins, from gram-negative bacteria, induce inflammatory responses, while exotoxins, from gram-positive bacteria, are leth...This page discusses bacterial toxins, detailing endotoxins and exotoxins. Endotoxins, from gram-negative bacteria, induce inflammatory responses, while exotoxins, from gram-positive bacteria, are lethal in small doses and categorized into types like A-B toxins. Specific examples include cholera toxin, botulinum toxin, and tetanus toxin, each affecting bodily functions in distinct ways.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/North_Central_State_College/BIOL_1550%3A_Microbiology_(2025)/17%3A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity/17.03%3A_Virulence_FactorsVirulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the m...Virulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/BIOL_440%3A_General_Microbiology_(Hughes)/11%3A_Week_11/17%3A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity/17.03%3A_Virulence_FactorsVirulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the m...Virulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/PGCC_Microbiology/05%3A_Infectious_Diseases_and_Epidemiology/5.04%3A_Virulence_FactorsVirulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the m...Virulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_(Liu_et_al.)/17%3A_Pathogenicity_and_Virulence_Factors/17.04%3A_Immune_Evasion_and_Viral_Virulence_FactorsThis page examines bacterial and viral mechanisms for evading the immune system, detailing virulence factors such as capsules, proteases, and antigenic variation. Bacteria use exotoxins and endotoxins...This page examines bacterial and viral mechanisms for evading the immune system, detailing virulence factors such as capsules, proteases, and antigenic variation. Bacteria use exotoxins and endotoxins, while viruses rely on adhesins and undergo antigenic drift and shift. Examples include Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza, emphasizing the need for vaccines due to the emergence of new strains.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Mansfield_University_of_Pennsylvania/BSC_3271%3A_Microbiology_for_Health_Sciences_Sp21_(Kagle)/12%3A_How_Microbes_Cause_Disease/12.01%3A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity/12.1.03%3A_Virulence_FactorsVirulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the m...Virulence factors contribute to a pathogen’s ability to cause disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria.
