This page discusses the balance between chlorination, which eliminates harmful bacteria in water, and the production of cancer-causing byproducts like trihalomethanes (THMs) regulated by the EPA. A si...This page discusses the balance between chlorination, which eliminates harmful bacteria in water, and the production of cancer-causing byproducts like trihalomethanes (THMs) regulated by the EPA. A significant reduction in chlorination in Peru led to a cholera outbreak with over 700,000 cases, highlighting the importance of disinfection.