Search
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/11%3A_Pedigrees_and_Populations/11.02%3A_Pedigree_AnalysisThis page discusses pedigree charts, which are diagrams that show the phenotypes or genotypes of an organism and its ancestors to track genetic diseases within families. They utilize standardized symb...This page discusses pedigree charts, which are diagrams that show the phenotypes or genotypes of an organism and its ancestors to track genetic diseases within families. They utilize standardized symbols to represent sex, relationships, and traits, helping geneticists analyze inheritance patterns and disease probabilities. Accuracy is vital, but errors can occur from family memories or clinical diagnoses.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/11%3A_Pedigrees_and_Populations/11.04%3A_Sporadic_and_Non-Heritable_DiseasesThis page discusses the complexity of human traits and diseases, highlighting that they are not solely caused by single gene mutations but also influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors. ...This page discusses the complexity of human traits and diseases, highlighting that they are not solely caused by single gene mutations but also influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors. It notes that non-genetic diseases can appear heritable due to family environmental influences.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/13%3A_Cancer_GeneticsCancer is a group of diseases that exhibit uncontrolled growth, invasion of adjacent tissues, and sometimes metastasis (the movement of cancer cells through the blood or lymph). In cancer cells, the ...Cancer is a group of diseases that exhibit uncontrolled growth, invasion of adjacent tissues, and sometimes metastasis (the movement of cancer cells through the blood or lymph). In cancer cells, the regulatory mechanisms that control cell division and limit abnormal growth have been disrupted, usually by the accumulation of several mutations. Cancer is therefore essentially a genetic disease.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/20%3A_General_Science/20.06%3A_DrugsThis page outlines the drug testing process, which starts with testing numerous chemicals on lab animals and may lead to human trials through an IND application to the FDA. The human trials consist of...This page outlines the drug testing process, which starts with testing numerous chemicals on lab animals and may lead to human trials through an IND application to the FDA. The human trials consist of three phases: Phase I focuses on safety in healthy volunteers, Phase II tests efficacy and side effects in patients, and Phase III collects comprehensive safety and effectiveness data. Upon successful completion, a NDA is submitted, and the drug is branded for market release.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/11%3A_Pedigrees_and_Populations/11.03%3A_Inferring_the_Mode_of_InheritanceThis page outlines five modes of inheritance for genetic traits: autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR), X-linked dominant (XD), X-linked recessive (XR), and Y-linked (Y). AD traits require...This page outlines five modes of inheritance for genetic traits: autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR), X-linked dominant (XD), X-linked recessive (XR), and Y-linked (Y). AD traits require one affected parent and appear in each generation, whereas AR traits need both parents to carry the allele and can skip generations. XD traits primarily affect females, XR traits mainly affect males, and Y-linked traits occur only in males.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/09%3A_Mutation_and_VariationHumans have an interesting relationship with mutation. From our perspective, mutations can be extraordinarily useful, since mutations are need for evolution to occur. Mutation is essential for the dom...Humans have an interesting relationship with mutation. From our perspective, mutations can be extraordinarily useful, since mutations are need for evolution to occur. Mutation is essential for the domestication and improvement of almost all of our food. On the other hand, mutations are the cause of many cancers and other diseases, and can be devastating to individuals. The vast majority of mutations probably go undetected. In this section, we will examine some of the causes and effects of mutati
