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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/14%3A_Embryonic_Development_and_its_Regulation/14.01%3A_Embryonic_DevelopmentThis page outlines embryonic development in animals, which includes four stages: Cleavage (rapid cell division of the zygote), Patterning (cell organization and body axis establishment), Differentiati...This page outlines embryonic development in animals, which includes four stages: Cleavage (rapid cell division of the zygote), Patterning (cell organization and body axis establishment), Differentiation (activation of zygotic genes for specific cell types), and Growth. It emphasizes the transition from maternal mRNA to the embryo's genome. Research on frogs and snails illustrates the significance of mRNA distribution and protein gradients during early development.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.01%3A_Plant_Anatomy/16.1.02%3A_RootsThis page describes the structure and functions of plant roots, detailing components like the root tip, root cap, and areas for elongation and differentiation. It discusses water and mineral uptake, e...This page describes the structure and functions of plant roots, detailing components like the root tip, root cap, and areas for elongation and differentiation. It discusses water and mineral uptake, emphasizing the importance of root hairs and mycorrhizal fungi. Minerals are absorbed actively, often against concentration gradients, while plants utilize inorganic nutrients directly. Organic fertilizers require breakdown for plant use.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/03%3A_The_Cellular_Basis_of_Life/3.13%3A_Animal_TissuesThis page describes the process of a fertilized egg developing into a newborn through about 41 rounds of mitosis, leading to over 100 diverse cell types categorized into four main tissue types: epithe...This page describes the process of a fertilized egg developing into a newborn through about 41 rounds of mitosis, leading to over 100 diverse cell types categorized into four main tissue types: epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous. Epithelial tissues protect surfaces, muscle tissues enable movement, connective tissues offer support, and nervous tissues facilitate communication, each with distinct functions and structures.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/14%3A_Embryonic_Development_and_its_Regulation/14.08%3A_Embryonic_Stem_CellsThis page explores the properties and applications of human embryonic stem cells, including their role in cloning and regenerative medicine. It emphasizes their potential for understanding human devel...This page explores the properties and applications of human embryonic stem cells, including their role in cloning and regenerative medicine. It emphasizes their potential for understanding human development but notes ethical concerns regarding the destruction of blastocysts and challenges in ensuring compatibility for cell replacement therapies.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/14%3A_Embryonic_Development_and_its_Regulation/14.02%3A_Frog_EmbryologyThis page describes the development of frog eggs into tadpoles. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage and forms a blastula with smaller cells. Gastrulation creates germ layers for body ti...This page describes the development of frog eggs into tadpoles. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage and forms a blastula with smaller cells. Gastrulation creates germ layers for body tissues. The Spemann organizer prompts ectoderm development into neural tissue, essential for the brain and spinal cord. The tadpole hatches as a complete structure and continues to grow by feeding, incorporating organic matter.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Cell_and_Molecular_Biology/Book%3A_Biofundamentals_(Klymkowsky_and_Cooper)/10%3A_Social_Systems/10.4%3A_DifferentiationIn mammals, the cells on the exterior form the trophectoderm, which goes on to form extraembryonic tissues, in particular the membranous tissues that surround the embryo and become part of the placent...In mammals, the cells on the exterior form the trophectoderm, which goes on to form extraembryonic tissues, in particular the membranous tissues that surround the embryo and become part of the placenta, the interface between the embryo and the mother.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/05%3A_DNA/5.14%3A_Harlequin_ChromosomesThis page discusses the behavior of chromosomes during mitosis in eukaryotes, highlighting that while most align randomly, some stem cells, particularly in skeletal muscle, may preferentially segregat...This page discusses the behavior of chromosomes during mitosis in eukaryotes, highlighting that while most align randomly, some stem cells, particularly in skeletal muscle, may preferentially segregate immortal strands to maintain original DNA and reduce mutations. It also mentions that certain chromosomes may show preferential segregation while others distribute randomly, indicating variability in this process across different cell types.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Cosumnes_River_College/Introductory_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Aptekar)/01%3A_Introduction_to_the_Human_Body/1.04%3A_Functions_of_Human_LifeThe intestinal tract, for example, is home to even more bacteria cells than the total of all human cells in the body, yet these bacteria are outside the body and cannot be allowed to circulate freely ...The intestinal tract, for example, is home to even more bacteria cells than the total of all human cells in the body, yet these bacteria are outside the body and cannot be allowed to circulate freely inside the body. Consciously, of course, you contract your skeletal muscles to move the bones of your skeleton to get from one place to another (as the runners are doing in Figure \PageIndex2), and to carry out all of the activities of your daily life.
