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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_2%3A_The_Physical_Environment/2.3%3A_SoilsSoil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ ...Soil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ in proportions of clay, silt, and sand. A soil profile is characterized by horizontal layers called horizons. Climate, organisms, topography, parent material, and time influence soil composition and formation.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/20%3A_Biogeochemical_Cycles/20.04%3A__The_Nitrogen_CycleHuman activity can release nitrogen into the environment by two primary means: the combustion of fossil fuels, which releases different nitrogen oxides, and by the use of artificial fertilizers (which...Human activity can release nitrogen into the environment by two primary means: the combustion of fossil fuels, which releases different nitrogen oxides, and by the use of artificial fertilizers (which contain nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) in agriculture, which are then washed into lakes, streams, and rivers by surface runoff.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/02%3A_The_Physical_Environment/2.03%3A_SoilsSoil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ ...Soil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ in proportions of clay, silt, and sand. A soil profile is characterized by horizontal layers called horizons. Climate, organisms, topography, parent material, and time influence soil composition and formation.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_19%3A_Food_Webs/19.1%3A_Introduction_to_and_Components_of_Food_WebsIn terrestrial ecosystems it is present as leaf litter and other organic matter that is intermixed with soil, which is denominated "soil organic matter". The detritus of aquatic ecosystems is organic ...In terrestrial ecosystems it is present as leaf litter and other organic matter that is intermixed with soil, which is denominated "soil organic matter". The detritus of aquatic ecosystems is organic material that is suspended in the water and accumulates in depositions on the floor of the body of water; when this floor is a seabed, such a deposition is denominated "marine snow".
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/20%3A_Biogeochemical_Cycles/20.07%3A_The_Sulfur_CycleAtmospheric sulfur is found in the form of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), which enters the atmosphere in three ways: first, from the decomposition of organic molecules; second, from volcanic activity and geo...Atmospheric sulfur is found in the form of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), which enters the atmosphere in three ways: first, from the decomposition of organic molecules; second, from volcanic activity and geothermal vents; and, third, from the burning of fossil fuels by humans. As rain falls through the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in the atmosphere is dissolved in the form of weak sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), creating acid rain.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/Unit_IV_-_Special_Topics/32%3A_Biochemistry_and_Climate_Change/32.03%3A__Climate_Change_-_The_Carbon_Cycle_and_Carbon_ChemistryThis page provides a comprehensive overview of the carbon cycle, emphasizing its significance in understanding climate change. It examines the movement of carbon through various Earth systems, like th...This page provides a comprehensive overview of the carbon cycle, emphasizing its significance in understanding climate change. It examines the movement of carbon through various Earth systems, like the atmosphere and oceans, detailing the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, and rock weathering. Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion are highlighted as major disruptors, increasing atmospheric CO2 and driving climate change.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/19%3A_Food_Webs/19.01%3A_Introduction_to_and_Components_of_Food_WebsIn terrestrial ecosystems it is present as leaf litter and other organic matter that is intermixed with soil, which is denominated "soil organic matter". The detritus of aquatic ecosystems is organic ...In terrestrial ecosystems it is present as leaf litter and other organic matter that is intermixed with soil, which is denominated "soil organic matter". The detritus of aquatic ecosystems is organic material that is suspended in the water and accumulates in depositions on the floor of the body of water; when this floor is a seabed, such a deposition is denominated "marine snow".
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_20%3A_Biogeochemical_Cycles/20.2%3A_The_Biogeochemical_CyclesThe matter that makes up living organisms is conserved and recycled. The six most common elements associated with organic molecules—carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur—take a va...The matter that makes up living organisms is conserved and recycled. The six most common elements associated with organic molecules—carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur—take a variety of chemical forms and may exist for long periods in the atmosphere, on land, in water, or beneath the Earth’s surface. Geologic processes, such as weathering, erosion, water drainage, and the subduction of the continental plates, all play a role in this recycling of materials.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/19%3A_The_Diversity_of_Life/19.01%3A_Eukaryotic_Life/19.1.07%3A_FungiThis page provides an overview of fungi, highlighting approximately 100,000 known species. Fungi grow as hyphae, forming mycelium for nutrient absorption and decay, and can be saprophytic, symbiotic, ...This page provides an overview of fungi, highlighting approximately 100,000 known species. Fungi grow as hyphae, forming mycelium for nutrient absorption and decay, and can be saprophytic, symbiotic, or parasitic. Key groups include Ascomycetes (yeasts and molds), Basidiomycetes (mushrooms), and Zygomycetes (bread molds). It also discusses mycorrhizal fungi aiding glucocorticoid production and chytrids, a primitive aquatic group linked to amphibian population declines. The content is from John W
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/17%3A_Ecology/17.02%3A_Cycles_of_Matter_in_the_Biosphere/17.2D%3A_SoilThis page explains the role of soil in terrestrial food webs, highlighting its layers and the significance of topsoil for plant growth. It notes that tropical rainforest soils, although productive, te...This page explains the role of soil in terrestrial food webs, highlighting its layers and the significance of topsoil for plant growth. It notes that tropical rainforest soils, although productive, tend to be nutrient-poor due to heavy rainfall and low humus levels, complicating cultivation efforts.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/20%3A_Biogeochemical_Cycles/20.03%3A__The_Carbon_CycleThe overall effect is that carbon is constantly recycled in the dynamic processes taking place in the atmosphere, at the surface and in the crust of the earth. In 2018, the additional flux of carbon i...The overall effect is that carbon is constantly recycled in the dynamic processes taking place in the atmosphere, at the surface and in the crust of the earth. In 2018, the additional flux of carbon into the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources was estimated to be 36.6 gigatons of carbon (GtC = 1 billion tons of carbon)—a significant disturbance to the natural carbon cycle that had been in balance for several thousand years previously.
