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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/BIOL_106%3A_Essentials_of_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Anzalone)/03%3A_Cell_Structure_and_Function/3.22%3A_Mitotic_Phase_-_Mitosis_and_CytokinesisThe process in which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides is called mitosis. During mitosis, the two sister chromatids that make up each chromosome separate from each other and move to opposite po...The process in which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides is called mitosis. During mitosis, the two sister chromatids that make up each chromosome separate from each other and move to opposite poles of the cell. This is shown in the figure below. Mitosis actually occurs in four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Clinton_College/BIO_403%3A_Microbiology_(Neely)/01%3A_The_Building_Blocks_of_Life__Biological_Macromolecules_and_the_Generation_of_the_Cell/1.04%3A_Cell_Structure/1.4.04%3A_Eukaryotic_CellsOur natural world also utilizes the principle of form following function, especially in cell biology, and this will become clear as we explore eukaryotic cells. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic ce...Our natural world also utilizes the principle of form following function, especially in cell biology, and this will become clear as we explore eukaryotic cells. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have: 1) a membrane-bound nucleus; 2) numerous membrane-bound organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and others; and 3) several, rod-shaped chromosomes. Because a eukaryotic cell’s nucleus is surrounded by a membrane, it is has “true nucleus.”
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/BIOL_190%3A_General_Biology_(OpenStax)/02%3A_Unit_II-_The_Cell/2.01%3A_Cell_Structure/2.1.04%3A_Eukaryotic_CellsOur natural world also utilizes the principle of form following function, especially in cell biology, and this will become clear as we explore eukaryotic cells. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic ce...Our natural world also utilizes the principle of form following function, especially in cell biology, and this will become clear as we explore eukaryotic cells. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have: 1) a membrane-bound nucleus; 2) numerous membrane-bound organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and others; and 3) several, rod-shaped chromosomes. Because a eukaryotic cell’s nucleus is surrounded by a membrane, it is has “true nucleus.”
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Biology_I_and_II/02%3A_Unit_II-_The_Cell/2.01%3A_Cell_Structure/2.1.04%3A_Eukaryotic_CellsOur natural world also utilizes the principle of form following function, especially in cell biology, and this will become clear as we explore eukaryotic cells. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic ce...Our natural world also utilizes the principle of form following function, especially in cell biology, and this will become clear as we explore eukaryotic cells. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have: 1) a membrane-bound nucleus; 2) numerous membrane-bound organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and others; and 3) several, rod-shaped chromosomes. Because a eukaryotic cell’s nucleus is surrounded by a membrane, it is has “true nucleus.”
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/10%3A_Mutation/10.01%3A_Mutations_-_Causes_and_SignificanceThis page discusses DNA mutations in living cells, their types (point mutations, indels, etc.), and diseases associated with them, like sickle cell anemia. It highlights the role of mutations in evolu...This page discusses DNA mutations in living cells, their types (point mutations, indels, etc.), and diseases associated with them, like sickle cell anemia. It highlights the role of mutations in evolution, gene duplication, and translocations, along with their rarity and varying rates across species. Specifically, C. elegans has a mutation rate of approximately 2.1 x 10^-8 per base pair per generation, with males contributing more due to mitotic divisions.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/10%3A__Changes_in_Chromosome_Number_and_Structure/10.02%3A__Changes_in_Chromosome_StructureIf the chromosome is altered, but still retains the three critical features of a chromosome (centromeres, telomeres, and origin of replication), it will continue to be inherited during subsequent cell...If the chromosome is altered, but still retains the three critical features of a chromosome (centromeres, telomeres, and origin of replication), it will continue to be inherited during subsequent cell divisions, however the daughter cell may not retain all the genes. For example, if a segment of the chromosome has been lost, the cell may be missing some genes. The causes of chromosome structural abnormalites, which involves breaks in the DNA that makes up the chromosome.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/09%3A_Mutation_and_Variation/9.08%3A_Linkage_and_Mapping/9.8.E%3A_Linkage_and_Mapping_(Exercises)If the A-B map distance is 1cM, and the B-C map distance is 0.6cM, given the lines AaBbCc and aabbcc, what will be the frequency of Aabb genotypes among their progeny if one of the parents of the dihy...If the A-B map distance is 1cM, and the B-C map distance is 0.6cM, given the lines AaBbCc and aabbcc, what will be the frequency of Aabb genotypes among their progeny if one of the parents of the dihybrid had the genotypes AABBCC? The proportion of the seeds that are also either white or purple flowered would help you to know about the linkage between the two loci only if the genotypes of the parents of the dihybrid were also known.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Butte_College/BC%3A_BIOL_2_-_Introduction_to_Human_Biology_(Grewal)/Text/06%3A_DNA_and_Protein_Synthesis/6.03%3A_Chromosomes_and_GenesChromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins. They are the form of the genetic material of a cell during cell division. Chromosomes are encoded with genetic instructions for making prote...Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins. They are the form of the genetic material of a cell during cell division. Chromosomes are encoded with genetic instructions for making proteins. These instructions are organized into units called genes. Most genes contain the instructions for a single protein. There may be hundreds or even thousands of genes on a single chromosome.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/American_River_College/BIOL_400%3A_Principles_of_Biology_(Wolfe)/01%3A_Untitled_Chapter_1/04%3A_Cell_Structure/4.03%3A_Eukaryotic_CellsOur natural world also utilizes the principle of form following function, especially in cell biology, and this will become clear as we explore eukaryotic cells. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic ce...Our natural world also utilizes the principle of form following function, especially in cell biology, and this will become clear as we explore eukaryotic cells. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have: 1) a membrane-bound nucleus; 2) numerous membrane-bound organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and others; and 3) several, rod-shaped chromosomes. Because a eukaryotic cell’s nucleus is surrounded by a membrane, it is has “true nucleus.”
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/BIOL_106%3A_Essentials_of_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Anzalone)/03%3A_Cell_Structure_and_Function/3.13%3A_Chromosomes_and_GenesChromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins. Chromosomes are encoded with genetic instructions for making proteins. These instructions are organized into units called genes. Most genes ...Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins. Chromosomes are encoded with genetic instructions for making proteins. These instructions are organized into units called genes. Most genes contain the instructions for a single protein. There may be hundreds or even thousands of genes on a single chromosome.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Principles_of_Biology/01%3A_Chapter_1/11%3A_Cell_Division_-_Binary_Fission_and_Mitosis/11.01%3A_How_DNA_is_arranged_in_a_cellDNA is a working molecule; it must be replicated (copied) when a cell is ready to divide, and it must be “read” to produce the molecules, such as proteins, to carry out the functions of the cell. Thus...DNA is a working molecule; it must be replicated (copied) when a cell is ready to divide, and it must be “read” to produce the molecules, such as proteins, to carry out the functions of the cell. Thus, the DNA for a cell must be packaged in a very ordered way to fit and function within a structure (the cell) that is not visible to the naked eye.
