This page discusses the research methods in medicine for developing new drugs and procedures, highlighting the importance of validating improvements through various study types. It contrasts retrospec...This page discusses the research methods in medicine for developing new drugs and procedures, highlighting the importance of validating improvements through various study types. It contrasts retrospective studies—which may introduce bias—with prospective studies that follow healthy populations. Clinical trials are emphasized as the gold standard due to their randomization and blinding, which help alleviate bias.