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- https://bio.libretexts.org/LibreTexts/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_(Igo)/Winter_2018_Igo_Readings/W2018_Bis2A_Lecture04_readingThe chemical formula for glucose and galactose is C 6 H 12 O 6 ; both are hexoses, but the arrangements of the hydrogens and hydroxyl groups are different at position C 4 . Because of this small diffe...The chemical formula for glucose and galactose is C 6 H 12 O 6 ; both are hexoses, but the arrangements of the hydrogens and hydroxyl groups are different at position C 4 . Because of this small difference, they differ structurally and chemically and are known as chemical isomers because of the different arrangement of functional groups around the asymmetric carbon; both of these monosaccharides have more than one asymmetric carbon (compare the structures in the figure below).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Portland_Community_College/Cascade_Microbiology/21%3A_Appendix_A_-_Biochemistry_Review/21.2%3A_CarbohydratesThe most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH2O)n...The most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of repeated units. This view represents these molecules simply as “hydrated” carbon atom chains in which water molecules attach to each carbon atom, leading to the term “carbohydrates.”
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Chemeketa_Community_College/Cell_Biology_for_Allied_Health/08%3A_Biological_Molecules/8.05%3A_CarbohydratesThe last class of macromolecules we will consider structurally here is the carbohydrates. Built of sugars or modified sugars, carbohydrates have several important functions, including structural integ...The last class of macromolecules we will consider structurally here is the carbohydrates. Built of sugars or modified sugars, carbohydrates have several important functions, including structural integrity, cellular identification, and energy storage.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_OER_-_Ying_Liu/03%3A_Macromolecules/3.05%3A_Carbohydrates_-_PolysaccharidesThe most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH₂O)ₙ...The most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH₂O)ₙ, where n is the number of repeated units. This view represents these molecules simply as “hydrated” carbon atom chains in which water molecules attach to each carbon atom, leading to the term “carbohydrates.”
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/02%3A_The_Molecules_of_Life/2.06%3A_CarbohydratesThis page explains carbohydrates as polymers of glucose, including starch and cellulose. It details monosaccharides like glucose, galactose, and fructose, which combine into disaccharides like sucrose...This page explains carbohydrates as polymers of glucose, including starch and cellulose. It details monosaccharides like glucose, galactose, and fructose, which combine into disaccharides like sucrose and lactose through glycosidic bonds. Carbohydrates are key energy sources in diets. Starch is formed in amylose (linear) and amylopectin (branched) forms, while cellulose serves a structural role in cell walls with its rigid fibrils.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/04%3A_Cell_Metabolism/4.12%3A_Intermediary_MetabolismThis page discusses how cells primarily utilize glucose for energy, although other nutrients like fats and proteins can also be metabolized to produce ATP. It highlights the metabolic pathways connect...This page discusses how cells primarily utilize glucose for energy, although other nutrients like fats and proteins can also be metabolized to produce ATP. It highlights the metabolic pathways connecting these different energy sources and emphasizes the necessity of obtaining certain unsaturated fats and essential amino acids from dietary sources.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_(Igo)/Winter_2018_Igo_Readings/W2018_Bis2A_Lecture04_readingThe chemical formula for glucose and galactose is C 6 H 12 O 6 ; both are hexoses, but the arrangements of the hydrogens and hydroxyl groups are different at position C 4 . Because of this small diffe...The chemical formula for glucose and galactose is C 6 H 12 O 6 ; both are hexoses, but the arrangements of the hydrogens and hydroxyl groups are different at position C 4 . Because of this small difference, they differ structurally and chemically and are known as chemical isomers because of the different arrangement of functional groups around the asymmetric carbon; both of these monosaccharides have more than one asymmetric carbon (compare the structures in the figure below).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Evergreen_Valley_College/EVC_C2_-_Bio_4A_4B_Lab_Instructor_Resources_Manual/05%3A_Organic_Macromolecules/5.02%3A_Formative_Summative_QuestionsFormative/Summative Questions for Ch 5- Organic Molecules, Bio 4A + 4B Instructor Resources.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/01%3A_The_Foundations_of_Biochemistry/1.01%3A_Cellular_FoundationsThe page introduces biochemistry fundamentals from a chemical perspective, focusing on key cellular components and their chemical processes. It outlines the basic structure of prokaryotic and eukaryot...The page introduces biochemistry fundamentals from a chemical perspective, focusing on key cellular components and their chemical processes. It outlines the basic structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, highlighting the importance of genetic material, ribosomes, and the lipid bilayer. The text delves into the four classes of biomolecules including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, and their roles in cellular metabolism.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/07%3A_Carbohydrates_and_Glycobiology/7.04%3A__The_Sugar_Code_and_Lectin_DecodingThe page provides a detailed exploration of the "sugar code," emphasizing the structural complexity and informational role of glycans in biological systems. It discusses various glycan-binding protein...The page provides a detailed exploration of the "sugar code," emphasizing the structural complexity and informational role of glycans in biological systems. It discusses various glycan-binding proteins (GBPs), particularly lectins, including C-type lectins, galectins, and siglecs, and their specific interactions with carbohydrates. The importance of these interactions in processes like immune responses, cell recognition, and disease pathology, such as cancer and infections, is highlighted.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/BIOL_440%3A_General_Microbiology_(Hughes)/02%3A_Week_2/02%3A_Microbial_Biochemistry/2.02%3A_CarbohydratesThe most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH₂O)ₙ...The most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH₂O)ₙ, where n is the number of repeated units. This view represents these molecules simply as “hydrated” carbon atom chains in which water molecules attach to each carbon atom, leading to the term “carbohydrates.”
