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  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/BIOL_212%3A_Botany_-_Laboratory_Manual/12%3A_Lab_11_-_Macrofungi_and_Lichens/12.02%3A_Introduction_and_Materials
    The rest of the fungal body (or, the rest of the tree, in this analogy) is the mycelium, buried within the substrate and busily acquiring food. Note: The mycelium is not the equivalent of the roots of...The rest of the fungal body (or, the rest of the tree, in this analogy) is the mycelium, buried within the substrate and busily acquiring food. Note: The mycelium is not the equivalent of the roots of the tree, but of the entire tree, including the roots, stems, and branches.
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/BIOL_212%3A_Botany_-_Laboratory_Manual/zz%3A_Back_Matter/10%3A_Index
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/BIOL_212%3A_Botany_-_Laboratory_Manual/06%3A_Lab_6-_Angiosperms_Pt._1_Flowers/6.05%3A_Anatomy_of_a_Flower
    All of these whorls attach to an area called the receptacle, which is at the end of the stem that leads to the flower. In the case of an inflorescence, where multiple florets are produced in place of ...All of these whorls attach to an area called the receptacle, which is at the end of the stem that leads to the flower. In the case of an inflorescence, where multiple florets are produced in place of a single flower, the stems leading to the florets are called pedicels. You would only be able to determine this by counting the lobes on the stigma or by looking at a cross-section of the ovary to count the different compartments (called locules).
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/BIOL_212%3A_Botany_-_Laboratory_Manual/10%3A_Lab_9b_-_Seedless_Vascular_Plants/10.05%3A_Summative_Questions
    Describe three adaptations that SVPs have that allow them to compete with bryophytes. Commonly called spike mosses and club mosses, lycophytes aren’t truly mosses at all. How could you distinguish bet...Describe three adaptations that SVPs have that allow them to compete with bryophytes. Commonly called spike mosses and club mosses, lycophytes aren’t truly mosses at all. How could you distinguish between a moss and a lycophyte? Each time a rhizome produces a new shoot, it also produces roots. What type of roots emerge from stem tissue, such as a rhizome? Compare and contrast the role of the gametophyte in bryophytes and SVPs. What are the advantages to having a branching sporophyte?
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/BIOL_212%3A_Botany_-_Laboratory_Manual/01%3A_Lab_1-_From_Prokaryotes_to_Eukaryotes/1.04%3A_Cell_Types
    The eukaryotic host must have benefited from the sugars produced by the prokaryotic captive and this relationship developed into a symbiosis (sym- meaning shared, bio- meaning life), much like the Ana...The eukaryotic host must have benefited from the sugars produced by the prokaryotic captive and this relationship developed into a symbiosis (sym- meaning shared, bio- meaning life), much like the Anabaena and the Azolla. The eukaryotic cell encloses the prokaryote and, in the next image, the prokaryote is a chloroplast. In the diagram of endosymbiosis above, label the cyanobacterium, the eukaryote, nucleoid, nucleus, and chloroplast.
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/BIOL_212%3A_Botany_-_Laboratory_Manual/08%3A_Lab_8_Photosynthesis_and_Plant_Pigments/8.01%3A_Learning_Objectives_and_Formative_Questions
    Understand that colors we see are determined by reflected light and relate this to the absorption spectrum of pigments Know the stages where products and reactants of photosynthesis are produced or us...Understand that colors we see are determined by reflected light and relate this to the absorption spectrum of pigments Know the stages where products and reactants of photosynthesis are produced or used, respectively Relate the process of photosynthesis to the structure of a leaf Determine the relative polarity of a pigment based on the polarity of the TLC solvent What is the role of photosynthesis in the global cycling of nutrients?
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/BIOL_212%3A_Botany_-_Laboratory_Manual/10%3A_Lab_9b_-_Seedless_Vascular_Plants/10.04%3A_Ferns_(Class_Polypodiopsida)
    As you are looking through the ocular lenses of the microscope, add a drop of water to the slide near your field of view. When the spores have matured, the cells in the annulus begin to dry out, causi...As you are looking through the ocular lenses of the microscope, add a drop of water to the slide near your field of view. When the spores have matured, the cells in the annulus begin to dry out, causing the cells to collapse and pull the sporangium open, releasing the spores. Based on the orientation of the palisade and spongy mesophylls in the leaf cross section above, is this sorus on the upper or lower surface of the leaf?
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/BIOL_212%3A_Botany_-_Laboratory_Manual/09%3A_Lab_9a-_The_Bryophytes
    Thumbnail: Moss. (Unsplash License; Aldo Hernandez via Unsplash)
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/BIOL_212%3A_Botany_-_Laboratory_Manual/03%3A_Lab_3-_Roots_and_the_Movement_of_Water/3.03%3A_Roots
    This meristem divides in two directions, producing a root cap to the outside of the root to protect the growing tip and the primary meristems to the inside: the protoderm, ground meristem, and procamb...This meristem divides in two directions, producing a root cap to the outside of the root to protect the growing tip and the primary meristems to the inside: the protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium. This can happen when there is an underground stem, such as in the system at the top of the diagram on the following page, or to serve as a prop root, as in the center of the diagram.
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/BIOL_212%3A_Botany_-_Laboratory_Manual/04%3A_Lab_4-_Shoot_Anatomy_and_Morphology/4.04%3A_Shoot_Morphology
    The leaf is located just below the bud, which will become either a branch or a flower. In the diagram below, label the bolded features, as well as the photosynthetic part of the leaf (the blade) and t...The leaf is located just below the bud, which will become either a branch or a flower. In the diagram below, label the bolded features, as well as the photosynthetic part of the leaf (the blade) and the stem of the leaf (the petiole). In the plant in the middle, there are two leaves and two axillary buds in the same region. If three or more leaves are produced at the same region on the stem, the leaf arrangement is whorled (above).
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/BIOL_212%3A_Botany_-_Laboratory_Manual/09%3A_Lab_9a-_The_Bryophytes/9.07%3A_Summative_Questions
    How would you tell the difference between a leafy liverwort and moss? How would you tell the difference between a thalloid liverwort and a hornwort? Considering what you learned about the cyanobacteri...How would you tell the difference between a leafy liverwort and moss? How would you tell the difference between a thalloid liverwort and a hornwort? Considering what you learned about the cyanobacterium Anabaena’s relationship to the water fern Azolla, how might the Nostoc living inside the hornwort tissues influence the hornwort’s ability to survive on land? What is the ploidy of the calyptra and where did this tissue come from?

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