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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_For_All_(Ahern_Rajagopal_and_Tan)/09%3A_Chapter_10/9.02%3A_Section_2-
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_For_All_(Ahern_Rajagopal_and_Tan)/07%3A_Information_Processing/7.01%3A_Prelude_to_Information_ProcessingAs creatures used to regarding ourselves as exceptional, humans must surely be humbled to realize that the instructions, for making one of our own, reside in a molecule so simple that scientists, for ...As creatures used to regarding ourselves as exceptional, humans must surely be humbled to realize that the instructions, for making one of our own, reside in a molecule so simple that scientists, for a very long time, did not believe could possibly contain enough information to build even a simple cell. But a large body of evidence, built up over the past century, supports Larison Cudmore’s assertion that the information for making you and me (and all the other kinds of living things in the worl
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_For_All_(Ahern_Rajagopal_and_Tan)/11%3A_Point_by_Point/11.03%3A_Membranes
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Map%3A_Raven_Biology_12th_Edition/18%3A_Genomics/18.04%3A_Genome_Annotation_and_Databases/18.4.02%3A_Non-Coding_ElementsFor many years, scientists wondered about the nature of the information that directed the activities of cells. What kind of molecules carried the information, and how was the information passed on fro...For many years, scientists wondered about the nature of the information that directed the activities of cells. What kind of molecules carried the information, and how was the information passed on from one generation to the next? Key experiments, done between the 1920s and the 1950s, established convincingly that this genetic information was carried by DNA. In 1953, with the elucidation of the structure of DNA, it was possible to begin investigating how this information is passed on, and is used
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Wheaton_College_Massachusetts/Principles_of_Biochemistry/09%3A_Lipids_and_membranes/9.06%3A_Ketone_body_production_and_acidosisThe primary catabolic pathway in the body is the citric acid cycle because it is here that oxidation to carbon dioxide occurs for breakdown products of the cell’s major building blocks - sugars, fatty...The primary catabolic pathway in the body is the citric acid cycle because it is here that oxidation to carbon dioxide occurs for breakdown products of the cell’s major building blocks - sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids. The pathway is cyclic and thus, does not really have a starting or ending point. All of the reactions occur in mitochondria, though one enzyme is embedded in the organelle’s inner membrane. Cells may use a subset of the reactions of the cycle to produce a desired molecule.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_For_All_(Ahern_Rajagopal_and_Tan)/04%3A_Catalysis/4.04%3A_Blood_ClottingClotting is a process in which liquid blood is converted into a gelatinous substance that eventually hardens. The aim is to stop the flow of blood from a vessel. The formation of a clot is the result ...Clotting is a process in which liquid blood is converted into a gelatinous substance that eventually hardens. The aim is to stop the flow of blood from a vessel. The formation of a clot is the result of a series of enzymatic reactions that are triggered upon injury. The process involves 1) a step of activation (wounding) followed by 2) a cellular response (aggregation of blood platelets) and 3) a molecular response (polymerization of the protein called fibrin to create a meshwork that hardens).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Wheaton_College_Massachusetts/Principles_of_Biochemistry/07%3A_Enzymes_catalysis_and_kinetics/7.03%3A_Mechanisms_of_CatalysisThe magic of enzymes, as noted, is in their ability to create electronic environments conducive to initiation of a reaction. There are more mechanisms of reaction than we could ever hope to cover in a...The magic of enzymes, as noted, is in their ability to create electronic environments conducive to initiation of a reaction. There are more mechanisms of reaction than we could ever hope to cover in a book like this, and comprehensive discussion of these is not our aim. Instead, we will cite some examples and go into detail on one of them - the mechanism of action of serine proteases.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_For_All_(Ahern_Rajagopal_and_Tan)/08%3A_Basic_Techniques/8.11%3A_Protein_CleavageBecause of their large size, intact proteins can be difficult to study using analytical techniques, such as mass spectrometry. Consequently, it is often desirable to break a large polypeptide down int...Because of their large size, intact proteins can be difficult to study using analytical techniques, such as mass spectrometry. Consequently, it is often desirable to break a large polypeptide down into smaller pieces. Proteases are enzymes that typically break peptide bonds by binding to specific amino acid sequences in a protein and catalyzing their hydrolysis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_For_All_(Ahern_Rajagopal_and_Tan)/03%3A_Membranes/3.03%3A_Other_Considerations_in_MembranesThere are many functions and factors relating to cell membranes that don’t fit into broad categories. Those items will be the focus of this section.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_For_All_(Ahern_Rajagopal_and_Tan)/03%3A_MembranesThumbnail: The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane or plasmalemma, is a semipermeable lipid bilayer common to all living cells. It contains a variety of biological molecules, primarily prot...Thumbnail: The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane or plasmalemma, is a semipermeable lipid bilayer common to all living cells. It contains a variety of biological molecules, primarily proteins and lipids, which are involved in a vast array of cellular processes. It also serves as the attachment point for both the intracellular cytoskeleton and, if present, the cell wall. (CC BU-SA 3.0; Dhatfield and LadyofHats).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_For_All_(Ahern_Rajagopal_and_Tan)/07%3A_Information_Processing/7.06%3A_RNA_ProcessingSo far, we have looked at the mechanism by which the information in genes (DNA) is transcribed into RNA. The newly made RNA, also known as the primary transcript is further processed before it is func...So far, we have looked at the mechanism by which the information in genes (DNA) is transcribed into RNA. The newly made RNA, also known as the primary transcript is further processed before it is functional. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes process their ribosomal and transfer RNAs.
