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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/admin/Molecular_Plant_Breeding_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/02%3A_Markers_and_SequencingOther limitations of isozymes as markers include: (i) data complexity as a result of dimers or multimers of the enzymes; (ii) multi-allelic and multi-locus systems can make interpretation of the bandi...Other limitations of isozymes as markers include: (i) data complexity as a result of dimers or multimers of the enzymes; (ii) multi-allelic and multi-locus systems can make interpretation of the banding patterns difficult; (iii) the system is limited to those enzymes that can be detected in situ, resulting in a narrow coverage of the genome; (iv) relatively few biochemical assays are available to detect isozymes; and (v) the assay is based on a phenotype, and thus sensitive to the environment.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/admin/Molecular_Plant_Breeding_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/01%3A_Molecular_Plant_Breeding_ConceptsIn general, marker-assisted plant breeding involves (1) marker-assisted selection (MAS), where a marker is associated with a trait of interest; (2) marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) to recover the r...In general, marker-assisted plant breeding involves (1) marker-assisted selection (MAS), where a marker is associated with a trait of interest; (2) marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) to recover the recurrent parent with a trait of interest; (3) marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS) for quantitative trait loci (QTL) using a panel of polymorphic markers that are linked to the QTL of interest, and (4) genomic prediction of line, more generally genotype or population performance.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/admin/Molecular_Plant_Breeding_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/10%3A_Biotechnological_Tools_for_Broadening_Genetic_VariationChoice of parents of complementing parents (Table 1) is a critical task because it predetermines the result of the next phases in the breeding process and the allocation of resources in the breeding p...Choice of parents of complementing parents (Table 1) is a critical task because it predetermines the result of the next phases in the breeding process and the allocation of resources in the breeding program. Usefulness relates to a cross for line development and is defined as the sum of the population mean of all possible lines obtained from a cross in the absence of selection plus the predicted gain from selection.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/admin/Molecular_Plant_Breeding_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/08%3A_Genome_ConstructionDespite the upward trend in crop yields in the US and other parts of the world, rising human and animal populations will pose a greater demand for more to be produced per unit of land. For example, a ...Despite the upward trend in crop yields in the US and other parts of the world, rising human and animal populations will pose a greater demand for more to be produced per unit of land. For example, a plant breeding goal may have two objectives, 1) selection and fixation of desirable genes at a set of loci controlling a trait of interest, and 2) keeping genetic variability at the remaining loci to retain adaptability.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Agriculture_and_Horticulture/Crop_Genetics_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/01%3A_Chapters/1.04%3A_Gene_Segregation_and_Genetic_RecombinationIn order to have a better understanding of the concept of gene that will be the focus of this and the following lesson on linkage, it is critical to understand the chemical nature of DNA . Let’s revie...In order to have a better understanding of the concept of gene that will be the focus of this and the following lesson on linkage, it is critical to understand the chemical nature of DNA . Let’s review the pathways by which the genetic information in DNA is transferred from one DNA molecule to another (the process termed DNA replication) and from DNA to ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules (called transcription), and then transferred from RNA to a protein (termed translation) by a code that specifi…
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/admin/Molecular_Plant_Breeding_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/07%3A_Marker_Assisted_Selection_and_Genomic_SelectionTherefore, many factors affect the efficiency of MAS, including the size of the QTL mapping population, the phenotype to be scored, experimental design and analysis, the number of markers available, t...Therefore, many factors affect the efficiency of MAS, including the size of the QTL mapping population, the phenotype to be scored, experimental design and analysis, the number of markers available, the degree of association between available markers and the QTL, the proportion of additive effect described by the marker, and the selection method.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Agriculture_and_Horticulture/Crop_Genetics_(Suza_and_Lamkey)This book provides an introduction to genetic concepts such as reproductive systems, recombination, mutation, segregation and linkage analysis, inbreeding, quantitative inheritance, fertility regulati...This book provides an introduction to genetic concepts such as reproductive systems, recombination, mutation, segregation and linkage analysis, inbreeding, quantitative inheritance, fertility regulation, population genetics and polyploidy.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Agriculture_and_Horticulture/Crop_Genetics_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/01%3A_Chapters/1.10%3A_Ploidy-_Polyploidy_Aneuploidy_and_HaploidyIn addition to identifying the genetic origin of a crop, genes, as well as whole genomes, can be transferred among related species to obtain novel genotypes and to combine the favorable qualities of d...In addition to identifying the genetic origin of a crop, genes, as well as whole genomes, can be transferred among related species to obtain novel genotypes and to combine the favorable qualities of different species as is demonstrated in the creation of Triticale. In an autotetraploid, only four nulliplex genotypes are possible (a 1 a 1 a 1 a 1 , a 2 a 2 a 2 a 2 , a 3 a 3 a 3 a 3 , and a 4 a 4 a 4 a 4 ), and only one tetragenic is possible (a 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 ).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Agriculture_and_Horticulture/Crop_Genetics_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/01%3A_Chapters/1.09%3A_Mutations_and_VariationWith reference to a given crop and its wild and cultivated relatives, the concept of gene pool (all of the genes shared by individuals in a group of interbreeding individuals) has been applied to cate...With reference to a given crop and its wild and cultivated relatives, the concept of gene pool (all of the genes shared by individuals in a group of interbreeding individuals) has been applied to categorize a broad range of plant genetic resources according to the ease of gene transfer or gene flow to the particular crop species (Harlan and de Wet 1971).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/admin/Molecular_Plant_Breeding_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/13%3A_Introduction_to_BioinformaticsOn the BLAST Interface, the user can restrict searches to a specific species and to the assembled reference sequences for that species. The NCBI Map View search for adh1 on the maize genome produces t...On the BLAST Interface, the user can restrict searches to a specific species and to the assembled reference sequences for that species. The NCBI Map View search for adh1 on the maize genome produces these results. “Ideogram view” highlights chromosome 1 to show that the adh1 gene is located on chromosome 1. Depending on the origin of the query sequence you use to find the gene, they might show different hit scores from these versions of the gene.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/admin/Molecular_Plant_Breeding_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/03%3A_Modeling_and_Data_SimulationTaking advantage of the speed and efficiency of sampling by computers, breeders have found a tool that can be used to test models and provide more confidence in the performance of the model in the fie...Taking advantage of the speed and efficiency of sampling by computers, breeders have found a tool that can be used to test models and provide more confidence in the performance of the model in the field environment. The Phenotype can be determined in column I, by adding the following command in field I4: “=SUM(C4:F4)”. This will add for DH genotype 1 the values in fields C4 to F4, which according to the model adds up to the Phenotype of this genotype.
