This page discusses carcinogens, which are agents that increase cancer incidence, predominantly through mutagenic effects. It highlights HPV as a biological carcinogen linked to cervical cancer via on...This page discusses carcinogens, which are agents that increase cancer incidence, predominantly through mutagenic effects. It highlights HPV as a biological carcinogen linked to cervical cancer via oncogenes (E6, E7), and details ionizing radiation as a physical carcinogen damaging DNA. Additionally, it covers chemical carcinogens that require metabolism for effectiveness. Overall, reducing exposure to known carcinogens is emphasized as a method to lower cancer risk.
This page discusses vaccination established by Edward Jenner, which involves using dead or weakened pathogens to stimulate the immune system. It details various vaccine types and their roles against d...This page discusses vaccination established by Edward Jenner, which involves using dead or weakened pathogens to stimulate the immune system. It details various vaccine types and their roles against diseases like diphtheria, polio, and hepatitis, highlighting success in eradicating smallpox. The text notes ongoing challenges against polio and viruses like HIV-1, while introducing the potential of DNA vaccines that can elicit robust immune responses.
