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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/04%3A_Cell_Metabolism/4.13%3A_G_ProteinsThis page explains G proteins, which are heterotrimers made of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, functioning with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Hormone binding activates the Gα subunit by switching GDP ...This page explains G proteins, which are heterotrimers made of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, functioning with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Hormone binding activates the Gα subunit by switching GDP to GTP, influencing effector molecules like adenylyl cyclase to produce cyclic AMP (cAMP). It details different Gα subunits: Gαs (stimulating cAMP), Gαq, Gαi (activating alternative pathways), and Gαt (involved in retinal signal transduction).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/Unit_IV_-_Special_Topics/28%3A_Biosignaling_-_Capstone_Volume_I/28.18%3A_Signal_Transduction_-_Taste_(Gustation)The page explores the fundamentals of gustation, primarily focusing on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in taste physiology. It explains the role of GPCRs in detecting sweet, umami, bitter tastes, ...The page explores the fundamentals of gustation, primarily focusing on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in taste physiology. It explains the role of GPCRs in detecting sweet, umami, bitter tastes, and the kokumi sensation. The document details the molecular mechanisms involved in taste signal transduction, receptor activation, and subsequent neural transmission leading to taste perception.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/Unit_IV_-_Special_Topics/28%3A_Biosignaling_-_Capstone_Volume_I/28.17%3A_Signal_Transduction_-_Vision_and_OlfactionThis document offers a comprehensive overview of sensory transduction mechanisms in photoreceptors and olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). It elaborates on the specialized structures of these neurons th...This document offers a comprehensive overview of sensory transduction mechanisms in photoreceptors and olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). It elaborates on the specialized structures of these neurons that enable them to detect light and odorant ligands, respectively. The text details the molecular architecture of rod and cone photoreceptors and OSNs, emphasizing their similarities and differences.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/Unit_IV_-_Special_Topics/28%3A_Biosignaling_-_Capstone_Volume_I/28.02%3A_At_the_cell_membrane-_receptors_and_receptor_enzymesThe page explores detailed cell signaling processes starting at the cell membrane and moving to intracellular components like the nucleus, examining the structural features and functions of cell membr...The page explores detailed cell signaling processes starting at the cell membrane and moving to intracellular components like the nucleus, examining the structural features and functions of cell membrane receptors. It focuses on different receptor classes, including GPCRs and receptor tyrosine kinases, elaborating on their roles in signal transduction, receptor activation mechanisms, and downstream signaling pathways.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/15%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/15.09%3A_Senses/15.9H%3A_Olfaction_-_The_Sense_of_SmellThis page explains that human smell involves sensory receptors in the olfactory epithelium, where odorant molecules interact with receptors on sensory neuron cilia. This interaction activates a signal...This page explains that human smell involves sensory receptors in the olfactory epithelium, where odorant molecules interact with receptors on sensory neuron cilia. This interaction activates a signaling pathway that generates action potentials, allowing the brain to identify odors. Each olfactory neuron expresses one receptor gene, enabling the detection of up to a trillion distinct scents through combinatorial receptor activation patterns.
